DARWIN, CHARLESBiblio.com
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1839612<p>London Henry Colburn 1839 FIRST EDITION FIRST ISSUE publisher's cloth rebacked replacing original spine. 8vo uncut pp xiv i.e. xii 615 1 blank <em>Addenda</em> 609-629 two folding charts a little foxing to charts as usual with 16 pp inserted publisher's advertisements dated August 1839 8pp prospectus for other publications.</p><p>First edition first issue an attractive copy of the first separate issue of Darwin's <em>Journal </em>his first formal publication and a classic of natural history travel narrative. It was perhaps the most important scientific voyage ever undertaken for it gave impetus and direction to all of Darwin's later research. 'The five years of the voyage were the most important event in Darwin's intellectual life and in the history of biological science. Darwin sailed with no formal scientific training. He returned a hard-headed man of science knowing the importance of evidence almost convinced that species had not always been as they were since the creation but had undergone change. He also developed doubts of the value of the Scriptures as a trustworthy guide to the history of the earth and of man with the result that he gradually became an agnostic. The experiences of his five years in the <em>Beagle</em> how he dealt with them and what they led to built up into a process of epoch-making importance in the history of thought' Gavin de Beer in DSB.</p><p>The <em>Journal of Researches</em> was issued as part of the <em>Voyage of the Beagle</em> volumes and also as a separate book as above; this separate issue comprises sheets from the same print-run but with cancel half-title and title-page. Both were published and available in June 1839.</p><p><em>Freeman 11 </em></p> Henry Colburn hardcover
1860174014London: John Murray 1860. The most influential scientific work of the 19th century Second edition of "the most important biological book ever written" Freeman the issue dated 1860 on the title page. The second edition includes a few authorial changes responding to criticism of certain claims made in the first. This is a bright and fresh copy. The second edition largely reprints the text of the first edition of 1859. Among the changes the misprint "speceies" is corrected while the "whale-bear" story speculating that a bear scooping insects from the water may evolve into a whale-like creature is heavily diluted. The hypothesis was seen as absurd at the time and was seized upon by Darwin's critics to ridicule both the scientist and his evolutionary theory; Charles Lyell advised him to remove it entirely. "This story is not found again in any printing except in the American editions of 1860 until the end of copyright" Freeman p. 78. All copies of the second edition save for a handful dated 1859 are marked "fifth thousand" on the title page; the edition is not otherwise indicated as the second. The issue dated 1860 - the form in which the second edition is almost always seen - was published on 7 January 1860 in a print run of 3000 copies. Octavo in 12s. Folding diagram facing p. 117. With 32 pp. of publisher's advertisements dated January 1860 at rear. Original green diagonal-wave-grain cloth spine lettered ruled and decorated in gilt covers blocked in blind Freeman's variant a light brown coated endpapers binder's ticket of Edmonds & Remnants on rear pastedown. Housed in custom modern green solander box. With 1860 ownership signature of Dr R. H. H. Sankey 1831-1921 an Oxford physician and philatelist to front pastedown 20th-century pencil inscription "I. H. Taylor 12 Southdale Road Oxford" to half-title. Cloth and gilt bright light bumping and wear to extremities minor cockling to rear cover small mark to centre of spine inner hinges split but holding firm short closed tears to half-title and title page edges contents clean bar a few brown spots: a very good unrestored copy. Freeman 376. hardcover
187120642London: John Murray 1871. John Murray London 1871. First edition first issues of both volumes with "transmitted" the first word on p. 297 in the first volume; in the second the printer's note on the verso of the half-title errata on title verso and the postscript leaf after p. viii. The first issue had a print-run of just 2500 copies. Both volumes in comparable excellent near fine condition. One small name within each F. Bond. Neat internal repair to each gutter of both volumes. Internally exceptionally clean and externally also remarkably fresh with only a little wear to the spine tips and edges and a little bubbling to the bottom of the rear panels. The binding is exceptionally tight. Not usually encountered in such beautiful condition. Charles Darwin expands on his theory of evolution focusing on human origins and the role of sexual selection. In this groundbreaking work Darwin argues that humans share a common ancestor with other animals particularly apes emphasising the continuity between humans and the rest of the natural world. He explores how natural selection and sexual selection have shaped human physical and behavioural traits including differences between sexes and races. Darwin also discusses the development of moral sense intellect and social behaviour suggesting that these too evolved gradually. The book was controversial challenging religious and scientific views of the time by placing humans firmly within the framework of evolutionary biology. 'The Descent of Man' not only deepened public understanding of human evolution but also laid the foundation for later studies in anthropology psychology and evolutionary theory making it a landmark in scientific literature and is claimed to be such by Sigmund Freud "One of the ten most significant books ever written". John Murray unknown
188160016Tokyo Ichibe Yamanaka. Meiji 14. 1881. 8vo. 3 volumes all in the contemporary original yellow wrappers Traditional Fukuro Toji binding/wrappers. Extremities with wear and with light soiling promarily affecting vol. 1. Title in brush and ink to text-block foot. A few ex-ownership stamps. Folding plate with repair. A fine set. 46 ff; 70 ff. 9 plates of which 1 is folded; 72 ff. "Vol. I contains prefaces to 1st and 2d editions of Descent of man Nos 936 & 944; vol. II contains chapter 1 and vol. III chapter 2. All published intended to form 9 vols containing chapters 1-7 and 21." Darwin-Online. <br/><br/><em>The exceedingly rare first translation of Darwin's Descent of Man and the first partial translation of Origin of Species constituting the very first translation of any of Darwin's work into Japanese and arguably being the most influential - albeit in a different way than could be expected - of all Darwin-translations. "The first translation of a book by Darwin was published in 1881: a translation of The Descent of Man titled as Jinsoron On the Ancestors of Man; Darwin 1881. The translator was a scholar of education Kozu Senzaburo . In spite of its title the book was actually a hybrid which included a mixture of chapters of the Descent namely chapters 1-7 and 21 together with other texts: the Historical Sketch that Darwin appended to the third edition of the Origin 1861 and some sections taken from Thomas Huxley's Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature Kaneko 2000. So this book can also be described as the first publication including a partial translation of a text from the Origin" Taizo Translating "natural selection" in Japanese: from "shizen tota" to "shizen sentaku" and backDarwin's theories had a profound influence on Japan and Japanese culture but in a slightly different way than in the West: Darwinism was marked as social and political principles primarily embraced by social thinkers philosophers and politicians to advocate the superiority of Japanese culture and society and military and not by biologist and zoologist. "It was as if Darwin's famous oceanic journey and the meticulous research into the animal and plant kingdoms that he spent his life undertaking had all been staged as an elaborate excuse for composing a theory whose true object was Victorian society and the fate of the world's modern nations." Golley Darwinism in Japan: The Birth of Ecology.The popularity of Darwin's works and theories became immensly popular in Japan: "Curiously there are more versions of "The Origin" in Japanese than in any other language. The earliest were literary with subsequent translations becoming more scientific as the Japanese developed a technical language for biology." Glick The Comparatice Reception of Darwinism P. XXIIDarwin's work had in Japan - as in the rest of the world - profound influence on the academic disciplines of zoology and biology however in Japan the most immediate influence was not on these subjects but on social thinkers: ". it exerted great influence on Japanese social thinkers and social activists. After learning of Darwin's theory Hiroyuki Kato the first president of Tokyo Imperial University published his New Theory of Human Rights and advocated social evolution theory social Darwinism emphasizing the inevitable struggle for existence in human society. He criticized the burgeoning Freedom and People's right movement. Conversely Siusui Kautoku a socialist and Japanese translator of the Communist Manifesto wrote articles on Darwinism such as "Darwin and Marx" 1904. In this and other articles he criticized kato's theory on Social Darwinism insisting that Darwinism does not contradict socialism. The well known anarchist Sakae Osugi published the third translation of On the Origin of Species in 1914 and later his translation of peter Kropotokin's Mutial Aid: A Factor of Evolution. Osugi spread the idea of mutual aid as the philosophical base of Anarcho-syndicalism." Tsuyoshi The Japanese Lysenkoism and its Historical Backgrounds p. 9 "Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was introduced to Japan in 1877 Morse 1936/1877 during Japan's push to gain military modernity through study of western sciences and technologies and the culture from which they had arisen. In the ensuing decades the theory of evolution was applied as a kind of social scientific tool i.e. social Spencerism or social Darwinism Sakura 1998:341; Unoura 1999. Sakura 1998 suggests that the theory of evolution did not have much biological application in Japan. Instead Japanese applied the idea of 'the survival of the fittest' which was a misreading of Darwin's natural selection theory to society and to individuals in the struggle for existence in Japan's new international circumstances see also Gluck 1985: 13 265.However at least by the second decade of the 1900s and by the time that Imanishi Kinji entered the Kyoto Imperial University the curricula in the natural and earth sciences were largely based on German language sources and later on English language texts. These exposed students to something very different from a social Darwinist approach in these sciences. New sources that allow us to follow" ASQUITH Sources for Imanishi Kinji's views of sociality and evolutionary outcomes p. 1."After 1895 the year of China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War Spencer's slogan "the survival of the fittest" entered Chinese and Japanese writings as "the superior win the inferior lose." Concerned with evolutionary theory in terms of the survival of China rather than the origin of species Chinese intellectuals saw the issue as a complex problem involving the evolution of institutions ideas and attitudes. Indeed they concluded that the secret source of Western power and the rise of Japan was their mutual belief in modern science and the theory of evolutionary progress. According to Japanese scholars traditional Japanese culture was not congenial to Weastern science because the Japanese view of the relationship between the human world and the divine world was totally different from that of Western philosophers. Japanese philosophers envisioned a harmonious relationship between heaven and earth rather than conflict. Traditionally nature was something to be seen through the eyes of a poet rather than as the passive object of scientific investigations. The traditional Japanese vision of harmony in nature might have been uncongenial to a theory based on natural selection but Darwinism was eagerly adopted by Japanese thinkers who saw it as a scientific retionalization for Japan's intense efforts to become a modernized military and industial power. Whereas European and American scientists and theologians became embroiled in disputes about the evolutionary relationship between humans and other animals Japanese debates about the meaning of Darwinism primarily dealt with the national and international implications of natural selection and the struggle for survival. Late nineteenth-century Japanese commentators were likely to refer to Darwinism as an "eternal and unchangeable natural law" that justified militaristic nationalism directed by supposedly superior elites". Magner A History of the Life Sciences Revised and Expanded p. 349"Between 1877 and 1888 only four works on the subject of biological evolution were published in Japan. During these same eleven years by contrast at least twenty Japanese translations of Herbert Spencer's loosely "Darwinian" social theories made their appearance. The social sciences dominated the subject and when Darwin's original The Origin of Species Seibutsu shigen finally appeared in translation in 1896 it was published by a press specializing in economics. It is not surprising then that by the early 20th century when Darwin's work began to make an impact as a biological rather than a "social" theory the terms "evolution" shinka "the struggle for existence" seizon kyôsô and "survival of the fittest" tekisha seizon had been indelibly marked as social and political principles. It was as if Darwin's famous oceanic journey and the meticulous research into the animal and plant kingdoms that he spent his life undertaking had all been staged as an elaborate excuse for composing a theory whose true object was Victorian society and the fate of the world's modern nations." Golley Darwinism in Japan: The Birth of Ecology.Freeman 1099c </em> unknown
1860171418London: John Murray 1860. The most influential scientific work of the 19th century Second edition of "the most important biological book ever written" Freeman the issue dated 1860 on the title page. Darwin's Origin was published in 1859. The second edition largely reprinted the text of the first with a few authorial changes ranging from correcting the misprint "speceies" to diluting Darwin's "whale-bear" story where he speculated that a bear scooping insects from the water may evolve into a whale-like creature. The hypothesis was seen as absurd at the time and was seized upon by Darwin's critics to ridicule and criticize both the scientist and his evolutionary theory; Charles Lyell advised him to remove it entirely. "This story is not found again in any printing except in the American editions of 1860 until the end of copyright" Freeman p. 78. All copies of the second edition save for a handful dated 1859 are marked "fifth thousand" on the title page; the edition is not otherwise indicated as the second. The issue dated 1860 - the form in which the second edition is almost always seen - was published on 7 January 1860 in a print run of 3000 copies. Octavo in 12s. Folding diagram facing p. 117. With 32 pp. of publisher's advertisements dated January 1860 at rear. Original green diagonal-wave-grain cloth spine lettered and decorated in gilt covers blocked in blind Freeman's variant a light brown coated endpapers. Housed in a dark green quarter morocco solander box by the Chelsea Bindery. Cloth and gilt bright and unmarked spine ends and corners bumped; inner hinges expertly restored endmatter lightly spotted else contents clean upper outer corner of L1 creased resulting in small split. A near-fine copy. Freeman 376. hardcover
186042820886<p>SECOND EDITION published on January 7 1860 less than two months after the first edition. Three thousand copies were printed.</p><p><strong><em>On the Origin of Species</em></strong><strong> is "certainly the greatest biological book ever written</strong>" Freeman and "<strong>the most important single work in science</strong>" Dibner.</p><p>Darwin's theory of the origin of species by means of natural selection arose out of his studies in the 1830s during and after the voyage of H.M.S. <em>Beagle</em>. From 1831 to 1836 Darwin sailed around the world on the <em>Beagle</em>. During this five-year voyage Darwin and the <em>Beagle</em> visited the Galapagos Islands Brazil Argentina Tierra del Fuego Chile Peru Tahiti Australia New Zealand and other islands and countries finally returning to England by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope. Darwin observed "It appears to me that nothing can be more improving to a young naturalist than a journey in distant countries."</p><p>The voyage of the <em>Beagle </em>was "the most important event in Darwin's intellectual life and in the history of biological science. Darwin sailed with no formal scientific training. He returned a hard-headed man of science knowing the importance of evidence almost convinced that species had not always been as they were since creation but had undergone change. … The experiences of his five years … and what they led to built up into a process of epoch-making importance in the history of thought" DSB.</p><p>Over the coming thirty years Darwin refined the ideas that had germinated aboard the <em>Beagle </em>and finally published them in <em>On the Origin of Species</em>. Darwin concluded his book "There is grandeur in this view of life with its several powers having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that whilst this plan has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been and are being evolved."</p><p><strong>Darwin's ideas about evolution and natural selection are the underpinnings of modern biological science. Moreover they have given us a new way of viewing and talking about the world. </strong>"Darwin not only not only drew an entirely new picture of the workings of organic nature; he revolutionized our methods of thinking and our outlook on the order of natural things. The recognition that constant change is the order of the universe had finally been established" Printing and the Mind of Man 344b.</p><p>Provenance: nineteenth-century bookplate and signature of William Pearce.</p><p>Original green cloth. Light wear to spine ends. A fine copy with the fragile inner hinges intact.</p><p>Freeman 376.</p> John Murray hardcover
1877feb02727<p>1877. First Spanish Edition - On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life by Charles Darwin.</p><p>El origen de las especies<br /><br />Used book For more details and availability please contact me</p> Biblioteca Perojo hardcover
1860200052New York: D. Appleton & Company 1860. First Edition; First Printing. Hardcover. First American edition first printing first issue with two quotes/reviews opposite the title page. Near fine condition. 432 pp. Bound in publisher's green pebbled cloth decorated in blind titles in gilt on the spine original coated brown endpapers folding chart intact. A Near Fine copy. Light rubbing to cloth at corners/tips. Light foxing and occasional offsetting to contents. Small tear at rear endpaper. Text is unaffected. No other interior marks bar owner's name in pencil remained for potential provenance. D. Appleton & Company hardcover
187932820659<p>One page. Original folds. Very good condition. Nicely framed.</p><p><strong>Darwin discusses the hereditary transmission of behavior and a vivid example of the phenomenon from the opening chapter of <em>The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.</em></strong></p><p>In this letter Darwin thanks Fanny Kellogg for "communicating the curious case of an habitual gesture like that which I have described as inherited. I may add that since I wrote the action has been transmitted to another generation. Your case shall be sent to Mr. Galton who gave me the information."</p><p>In <em>The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals</em> 1872 Darwin had discussed the heritability of habitual gestures. There he cited at length a remarkable case related to him by his cousin Francis Galton. Galton a distinguished scientist in his own right was keenly interested in the inheritance in humans and the two men often shared findings and theories. Darwin quoted Galton in <em>The Expression of the Emotions</em> on page 33:</p><p>"A gentleman of considerable position was found by his wife to have the curious trick when he lay fast asleep on his back in bed of raising his right arm slowly in front of his face up to his forehead and then dropping it with a jerk so that the wrist fell heavily on the bridge of his nose. The trick did not occur every night but occasionally and was independent of any ascertained cause. Sometimes it was repeated incessantly for an hour or more. The gentleman's nose was prominent and its bridge often became sore from the blows which it received. At one time an awkward sore w as produced that was long in healing on account of the recurrence night after night of the blows which first caused it. His wife had to remove the button from the wrist of his night-gown as it made severe scratches and some means were attempted of tying his arm."</p><p>Galton went on "Many years after his death his son married a lady who had never heard of the family incident. She however observed precisely the same peculiarity in her husband but his nose from not being particularly prominent has never as yet suffered from the blows. The trick does not occur when he is half-asleep as for example when dozing in his arm-chair but the moment he is fast asleep it is apt to begin …" Galton further noted that the behavior had been passed down to the son's daughter. Darwin's letter offered here reveals that he learned after the publication of <em>Expression of Emotions</em> that yet another generation has acquired the remarkable habitual behavior!</p><p>This fascinating letter demonstrates the lengths to which Darwin went gathering data and telling examples for his writings. His published books reached a wide audience producing additional correspondence with yet more evidence for his theories.</p><p>The letter is also noteworthy for being signed in full "Charles Darwin" instead of the more usual abbreviated "Ch. Darwin."</p>
1881feb0144<p>1881. First Japanese Edition 3 books of The descent of man and selection in relation to sex by Charles Darwin.</p><p>.人祖論.</p><p>Used book For more details and availability please contact me</p> Ichibe Yamanaka
1881611<p>Autograph letter signed concerning carnivorous beetles. Down Beckenham Kent 13th September 1881 8vo 205 x 131mm horizontal mailing folds 1pp. in fine condition signed "Charles Darwin"; with retained copy of Harmer's letter to Darwin Wick near Arundel 1881 8vo 205 x 130mm horizontal mailing folds weak at folds.</p><p>A fine unpublished letter to John Harmer thanking him for his account of a beetle attacking a six-inch worm and for the beetle itself which Harmer had enclosed.</p><p>Harmer had captured the beetle in Arundel Park in Sussex after witnessing the beetle attack the worm he writes "not having noticed any thing of the kind before I carried him home to satisfy myself whether such was his food or whether his appetite would be affected by captivity. He has since disposed of the fluids of two more which he cuts up in a very business like manner." Harmer fed it more worms then sent it to Darwin in case there was "an element of interest in the circumstance".</p><p>Darwin's response reads "I am much obliged for your kindness. I had read that beetles attacked worms but did not know how far this was authentic. The beetle sent is Carabus Violaceus; & the genus may be considered as the tiger of the insect world."</p><p>The posthumous revised edition of <em>"The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms"</em> 1882 notes that "the larger species of Carabus and Staphylinus… attack… worms ferociously". This observation is absent from the first edition of 1881 so it seems Harmer's efforts were put to good use.</p><p>Not in the Darwin Correspondence Project but Harmer's letter to Darwin is DCP-LETT-13332.</p>
1860001613London: John Murray 1860. 5 vi-ix 2 2-502pp 1 2-32pp. Original embossed cloth title author and publisher in gilt to spine chocolate coloured endpapers. Later recased on an Oxford hollow corners gently bumped couple of minor bumps to board edges minor rubbing to extremities. Internally some light foxing especially to first two sections an old repair to tiny tears to fore edge of half title and title former owner's name and address to front endpaper but generally fairly clean. With the folding lithographic chart by William West between pages 116 and 117; 32pp of adverts dated January 1860 to rear. Bookseller's label of Folthorp of Brighton to front pastedown and the binder's ticket of Edmonds & Remnants to lower pastedown. Now housed in a cloth drop back box with title and author in gilt to spine made by Temple Bookbinders. The fifth thousand or second edition second issue though not so-called on the title page one of three thousand copies with the misprint 'speceies' corrected and the whale-bear story diluted see Freeman page 78 binding variant 'a' with upright of L in London over right hand upright of H in John. Freeman 376. Second Edition. Hardback. Good/No Jacket. 8vo. John Murray Hardcover
187460158Budapest Kiadja a Természettudományi Társulat Academy of Sciences 1873 & 1874. 8vo. In two contemporary embossed full cloth bindings with gilt letter- and numbering to spine. Bindings with light wear primarily affecting hindges. Previous owner's stamp to half title and title page in both volumes. Light occassional brownspotting primarily affecting first and last leaves. An overall nice copy. XVI 2 303 1; VII 1 361 1 pp. 1 leaf of Advertisement 2 plates A frontiespiece of Darwin and one listing the evolution of the different generations. <br/><br/><em>The exceedingly rare first Hungarian translation of Darwin's "Origin of Species". Together with the Serbian and the Spanish the first Hungarian translation of the "Origin" is arguably the scarcest of all the translations of the work and very few copies of it are known. The Hungarian public was introduced to Darwinism early on when Ferenc Jánosi reviewed The Origin of Species in the Budapesti Szemle Budapest Review half a year after it first appeared in English. Darwin's principal works were first published in Hungarian translation by the Royal Hungarian Natural Science Society Királyi Magyar Természettudományi Társulat. Translator Dapsy László had been actively working to make Darwin and his idea known in Hungary. Through his articles he consistently presented Darwinism as a possible model for the type of progressive society that Hungary should attempt to achieve thus being one of the very earliest to apply Darwin's theories to human society and politics in general. "Dapsy's translation inspired by liberal ideals of progress increasingly became part of the conservative discourse of Hungarian politics reinterpreted and appropriated according to the nationalist agendas merging in Hungarian Society". Mund The Reception of Charles Darwin in Nineteenth-Century Hungarian Society.Prior to his translation in 1872 Dapsy wrote Darwin: "I am sorry to say that as yet here such tendencies are received with a good deal of aversion but I believe that by-and-by they will accept it and it would be a great advancement for our political life too". Dapsy to Darwin 12 June 1872. Darwin's response is not known. "It is characteristic of the enlightened spirit of the country in this period that Darwin received academic recognition earlier in Hungary than in England. Although Cambridge did not honor Darwin until 1879 he was elected an honorary member of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1872 the same year on this occasion the renowned Hungarian zoologist Tivadar Margó visited him at Down.Historical circumstances played a major role in this quick appearance of Darwinism and its popularity in Hungary. The failure of the 1848-49 revolution and war of independence seemingly put an end to progressive political discourse signaling an ideological crisis among the intelligentsia. In this context the natural sciences with their 'eternal truths' promised a way out inasmuch as science's promised objectivity might well serve as a politically neutral expression of progressive values" Mund The Reception of Charles Darwin in Nineteenth-Century Hungarian Society.The present book was one of four scientific works published between 1872 and 1874 by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences the others being Bernhard von Cotta's Geologie der Gegenwart 1865 Huxley's Lectures on the Elements of Comparative Anatomy 1864 and Tyndall's Heat Considered as a Mode of Motion 1863. An advertisement for these books occurs on the final leaf of vol. II.During Darwin's lifetime 'Origin' was published in eleven different languages some of them in more than one edition: The first foreign translation was the German 1860 followed by a Dutch 1860 French 1862 French 1862 Italian 1864 Russian 1864 Swedish 1869 Danish 1872 Hungarian 1873 Spanish 1877 and Serbian 1878 the last three by far being the rarest. OCLC locates only three complete copies: Paris Mazarin Library University Library of Szeged and The Huntington Library CA. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin only hold volume 1. Freeman 703. </em> hardcover
18711308103John Murray UK 1871. 1st Edition. Hardcover. Near Fine/No Jacket. London: John Murray 1871 1871. 2 volumes octavo. Original green cloth titles to spines gilt sides with panels blocked in blind blue coated endpapers. The covers are in good condition and very secure - both spines have been professionally rebacked. Gilt nice and bright. There is a scuffing to the covers and the corners are a bit bumped but with very little loss - a quite presentable set. The bindings are very tight and square having been repaired strengthened and re-cased. Internally both volumes are very good indeed. The endpapers have been expertly reinforced with matching period paper - something that could well be missed without careful scrutiny. Previous owner name and notes in light pencil to the verso of the half-title which could be easily erased. Some foxing to first and last few leaves of each volume but the text pages are clean and bright throughout with very little foxing that I can see and no previous ink marks. The original adverts are complete and dated January 1871. Cloth very lightly rubbed a lovely set. Engravings throughout. First edition first issue with the errata on the verso of the title leaf of vol. II. Here the word "evolution" appears for the first time in any of Darwin's works preceding its appearance in the sixth edition of The Origin of Species the following year. Darwin had hoped that one of his supporters might tackle the thorny question of human evolution but was forced to face the logic of his own theory himself. Darwin deviated from his ostensible subject of mankind to describe sexual selection in the animal kingdom enabling him to answer those who saw peacock tails as an expression of divine aesthetics. Darwin also set out a definite family tree for humans tracing their affinity with the Old World monkeys and laid out his views on the evolutionary origins of morality and religion. "The Descent understood by Darwin as a sequel to the Origin was written with a maturity and depth of learning that marked Darwin's status as an élite gentleman of science" ODNB. Housed in a custom-made collectors slipcase. Along with Darwins Origin of Species one of the most important books in all of science and thus in all of human knowledge. Quite uncommon in the true first issue. John Murray, UK hardcover
1859105735London: Lovell Reeve 1859. First Edition. Hardcover. London Lovell Reeve November 1859 first separate edition. Large quarto viii 128 pages complete with the half-title. Later half roan and stippled cloth lightly rubbed at the extremities; a very crisp and bright copy. 'The first important botanical work by a supporter of the doctrine of evolution by natural selection' Norman often quoted but not going nearly far enough in our opinion!. A singular rarity of the utmost importance. In the concluding paragraph of the postscript unique to this edition Hooker writes: 'I would further observe here to avoid ambiguity that my friend Mr. Darwin's just completed work "On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection" sic from the perusal of much of which in MS. I have profited so largely had not appeared during the printing of the Essay or I should have largely quoted it. Kew November 4 1859'. Lovell Reeve hardcover
1896133260New York: D. Appleton and Company 1896-97. The Authorized edition of the works of Charles Darwin. Octavo 15 volumes bound in original three quarters morocco gilt titles to the spine top edge gilt illustrated with in-text drawings and plates some volumes with frontispieces. In near fine condition. An exceptional set. Charles Darwin has been widely recognized since his own time as one of the most influential writers in the history of Western thought. His books were widely read by specialists and the general public and his influence had been extended by almost continuous public debate over the past 150 years. His most well known works are The Origin of Species The Descent of Man and Voyage of the Beagle. D. Appleton and Company unknown
1860190193London: John Murray 1860. The most influential scientific work of the 19th century Second edition the usual issue correctly dated 1860 on the title page of "the most influential scientific work of the 19th century" Horblit and "certainly the most important biological book ever written" Freeman. Darwin's Origin was first published in 1859. The second edition substantially reprinted the text of the first edition with a few authorial changes ranging from correction of the misprint "speceies" to the notable dilution of Darwin's "whale-bear" story where he speculated that a bear scooping insects from the water may evolve into a whale-like creature. The hypothesis was seen as absurd at the time and was seized upon by Darwin's critics to ridicule and criticise both the scientist and his evolutionary theory; Charles Lyell advised him to remove it entirely. "This story is not found again in any printing except in the American editions of 1860 until the end of copyright" Freeman. All copies of the second edition save for those few dated 1859 are marked "fifth thousand" on the title page noting the total issue of copies from the first edition onwards; the edition is not otherwise noted as the second edition. It was published in the form in which it is typically seen on 7 January 1860 in a print run of 3000 copies. Octavo signed and sewn in 12s. Original green diagonal-wave-grain cloth spine lettered in gilt covers blocked in blind Freeman's variant a no priority light brown coated endpapers fore edge untrimmed Edmonds & Remnants binder's ticket on rear pastedown. Folding diagram facing p. 117. 32 pp. publisher's advertisements dated January 1860 at rear. Contemporary Australian gift inscription on half-title "William C. Windeyer from Kate and Lottie. December 5th 1860": Sir William Charles Windeyer 1834-1897 was a New South Wales politician and judge. Spine ends and corners bumped extremities lightly worn cloth bright and unmarked expertly recased contents browned and foxed in places: a very good copy. Freeman 376. See Horblit 23b first edition. hardcover
186028009John Murray 1860. 8vo. Fifth Thousand Second Edition Second Issue with folding diagram neat contemporary signature in pencil at head of title with second pencilled signature lower down front free endpaper a little chafed at fore-edge three or four small fox-spots each on half-title title and diagram; original green cloth boards elaborately blocked in blind gilt back brown endpapers uncut expertly recased with original endpapers preserved a remarkably bright fresh copy in minimally restored publisher's binding. With 32pp publisher's catalogue dated January 1860 bound in at end and the binder's ticket of Edmonds & Remnants on rear paste-down. The second edition second issue is not so named on title but simply labelled 'Fifth Thousand'; Freeman records that 3000 copies were printed following the 1250 copies of the first edition. Although Darwin considered this edition a rapid revision to meet demand his changes are much more than mere correction. 'The total number of changes in this edition is impressive enough. No chapter was untouched' Peckham. The most famous alteration is the dilution of the whale bear passage on p.184 which Darwin later regretted although he never restored it. With the signed and ruled advertisements which Freeman considers the first issue. Freeman 113 variant a; Freeman F376. John Murray, hardcover
1861304713<p>Third edition with additions and corrections seventh thousand. Octavo. Half title page folding diagram at p. 123. 2 pages of advertisements at end. Original green cloth stamped in gilt and blind; brown coated endpapers. Binder's ticket of Edmonds & Remnants on back pastedown. A fresh bright tight copy of a book that is usually found in worn condition. No foxing. Small booksellers label on verso front free endpaper. Neat signatures of two previous owners on the half title page. Freeman 381. "The most important biological book ever written" Freeman p. 73.</p> John Murray hardcover
18626677Paris: Guillaumin et Cie; Victor Masson et Fils 1862. First edition. <p>First edition in French of the single most important biological work ever written and the most disputed of its early translations - rendered prefaced footnoted retitled and intellectually re-framed by Clémence-Auguste Royer 1830-1902 the self-taught philosopher whom Darwin reading the finished book in June 1862 pronounced "one of the cleverest & oddest women in Europe." Royer's sixty-four-page preface is a manifesto - anti-clerical positivist proto-eugenic - enlisting Darwin's biology for a programme he had never endorsed. Her footnotes override his hedges; her rendering of natural selection as élection naturelle drifted toward the voluntarism he abhorred; her retitling ou des Lois du Progrès chez les êtres organisés substituted Lamarckian ascent for Darwin's competitive statistics. Darwin replaced her with Moulinié in 1873 and Barbier in 1876; but French Darwinism in its first decade was shaped as much by Royer's preface as by Darwin's text and the present book is the original container of that collision.</p>. The First Edition in French in the Translation Darwin Came to Regret. <p>First edition in French of the single most important biological work ever written and the most disputed of its early translations - rendered prefaced footnoted retitled and intellectually re-framed by Clémence-Auguste Royer the self-taught philosopher economist and feminist whom Darwin reading the finished book in June 1862 pronounced "one of the cleverest & oddest women in Europe." Royer's sixty-four-page translator's preface is not a preface in any ordinary sense. It is a manifesto: an anti-clerical positivist and proto-eugenic document that enlists Darwin's biology for a social and political programme he had never endorsed and would spend the rest of his life partly repudiating. Her footnotes run through the main text sometimes clarifying often disputing and occasionally correcting Darwin from positions he did not share. Her rendering of natural selection as élection naturelle rather than the later-standard sélection naturelle was a lexical choice he quietly detested. Her substitution of his sober subtitle - or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life - with her own progressivist formula - ou des Lois du Progrès chez les êtres organisés - was an ideological edit. Darwin had seen none of this before publication. By 1873 he had arranged a new translation by Jean-Jacques Moulinié; by 1876 a further one by Edmond Barbier. But the damage if that is the word was done: French Darwinism in its first decade was shaped as much by Royer's preface as by Darwin's text and the present book is the original container of that collision.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>Darwin had had difficulty finding a French translator at all. Louise Belloc the first he approached declined on the grounds that the material was too scientific. Pierre Talandier a French political exile who had offered to undertake the work withdrew when no publisher would associate with him. Royer who was already placing her own two-volume Théorie de l'Impôt with the Parisian publishing house of Guillaumin learned of the vacancy and approached Darwin with a firm publishing agreement from Guillaumin et Cie and Victor Masson et Fils already in hand. On 10 September 1861 Darwin wrote to John Murray asking that a copy of the third English edition of the Origin be sent to her at 2 Place de la Madeleine Lausanne. What he knew of her was modest and on its face reassuring: she had delivered a course of scientific lectures in Lausanne in 1859; she had paid careful attention to Lamarck; she had corresponded with republican radicals across Europe; she had written on economics and on logic. The authorisation went forward. The French title page prints avec l'autorisation de l'Auteur in small capitals as if the phrase endorsed the whole enterprise; in fact it referred only to Darwin's permission to translate the third English edition of 1861. Royer proceeded without supervision.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>She was an extraordinary figure and the absence of supervision is in retrospect the decisive error. Born in Nantes on 21 April 1830 the illegitimate daughter of Augustin-René Royer - an army captain and Bourbon legitimist - and of Joséphine-Gabrielle Audouard a Nantes seamstress she acquired her full name only when her parents married in 1837. Her earliest childhood was spent in Swiss exile her father having taken part in the 1832 rebellion to restore the Bourbon dynasty; the family returned to France on his surrender and acquittal in Orléans. She received patchy formal schooling and a year at a convent school before after her father's death in 1849 educating herself through self-study and teaching certificates. In 1854 she taught at a girls' school in Wales - acquiring the English that would later serve her for Darwin - and there encountered a religious diversity that precipitated her own drift from Catholicism. She returned to France in 1855; a year later to Lausanne where she read systematically through the municipal library. She opened a women's course in logic in 1859 followed by a forty-lesson course on the Philosophy of Nature and History in which she was already arguing a Lamarckian transformism before she had so much as heard of Darwin. She began writing for the journals of Pascal DuPrat - the French republican politician with whom she would from 1865 live openly as "wife." In 1860 her entry on tax reform took second place in the canton of Vaud's competition; her two-volume Théorie de l'Impôt was published by Guillaumin in 1862 and it was through this connection that the Origin commission reached her. Her intellectual loyalties - to Comte to the Saint-Simonians to philosophical positivism in its most anti-theological form - were formed and in print before Darwin's book arrived on her desk. She saw in it the scientific foundation her programme had been waiting for. She did not see - or more likely did not care - that Darwin's argument was narrower than the use to which she proposed to put it.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>Her preface running to sixty-four pages before Darwin's own Introduction begins is accordingly a document of French intellectual life as much as of Darwinian biography. It opens with the creedal sentence of nineteenth-century positivism: a profession of faith in revelation - not the Mosaic or the Christian but the permanent revelation of man to himself through the cumulative acquisition of scientific truths and the elimination of inherited errors. A survey of world history follows arranged as the progressive overcoming of religious superstition by reasoned knowledge with Zoroaster Moses Confucius Pythagoras Plato and the Catholic Fathers adduced as steps in a single ascending arc and Darwin's theory of descent with modification presented as the latest and most decisive revelation of this secular kind. Royer is explicit that Darwin's theory must displace the Mosaic account of creation that it renders natural theology untenable that it is fundamentally and irremediably heretical and that those who attempt to reconcile it with Christian doctrine are either dishonest or confused. In the second half of the preface she applies the theory to human society arguing that the struggle for life observed in nature should be allowed to run its course in human populations without the artificial protections of charity welfare and the preservation of the weak by the strong - the passage which more than any other has earned her the retrospective label of an early eugenicist. The argument is made with verve and in excellent French. It is also wholly absent from Darwin's own text. The reader of this French first edition meets Royer before meeting Darwin and a great many of those readers - Clemenceau Zola the circle around the Revue des Deux Mondes the young Gustave Le Bon - took their first impression of Darwinism from this entry corridor.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>Her interventions did not end at the preface. Footnotes occur throughout the main text sometimes briefly and technically more often at length and argumentatively; where Darwin hedges she is firm; where he defers to theological sensitivities she removes the deferrals. Her choice of élection naturelle was defended on philological grounds - sélection she argued carried misleading overtones of deliberate choice - but in practice the word drifted toward a voluntarist almost teleological reading that was the opposite of Darwin's blind-statistical mechanism. Her retitling - the addition of ou des Lois du Progrès chez les êtres organisés - moved the centre of the book from the preservation of favoured races under competitive pressure to a supposed lawful ascent of organised beings an inflection Darwin took pains to resist throughout his career. Behind the scenes supervision had been attempted: the Geneva zoologist Édouard Claparède whom Royer had enlisted for biological advice tried and failed to temper her commentary and wrote to Darwin with some exasperation describing the attempt as hopeless. The book that resulted runs to LXIV XXIII 712 pages - LXIV the preface XXIII the French rendering of Darwin's own Historical Sketch newly added to the third English edition of 1861 and 712 the body of the text with Royer's notes running beneath it. Lithographed as the single illustration Darwin's branching diagram from Chapter IV was reset in Paris by the firm of Delarue preserving the fourteen geological horizons and the ancestral species A through L but carrying its captions and chapter head in French. The printing itself was not done in Paris proper but at Saint-Denis by the typographical house of A. Moulin whose imprint appears at the foot of the final text page. The book was issued on 31 May 1862.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>When his copy reached Down House in early June Darwin read it with a growing and characteristic unease. In mid-June he wrote to the American botanist Asa Gray the assessment that has become the most-quoted fragment of this whole episode: the French translator he told Gray was "one of the cleverest & oddest women in Europe"-an ardent deist violently hostile to Christianity convinced that the struggle for life could be made to account for all morality politics and human nature - and about to publish he predicted a strange production on exactly those subjects. The tone is recognisable. Darwin was rarely sharp about anyone; his method of expressing disapproval was to call a colleague odd or a book strange. What the understated sentence conceals is the deeper problem: a theory he had spent twenty years writing up with methodological caution was about to enter French intellectual life attached to Royer's philosophical programme and there was in the short term nothing he could do. A month later he would regret to Armand de Quatrefages that his translator had not known more of natural history; to Hooker that Royer corrected his own expressed doubts by appending footnotes denying that any doubt was warranted at all; to Claparède private thanks for an intervention that had plainly not worked.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>He could at least wait. A second edition of Royer's translation appeared in 1866 with expanded notes a new avant-propos and - in response to corrections Darwin had by now supplied - a switch from élection to sélection naturelle flagged by a defiant footnote in which Royer conceded the popular usage but declined to concede the underlying linguistic point. A third edition further revised but published without Darwin's knowledge appeared in 1870 from the same houses; by this time Darwin had issued the fourth and fifth English editions of the Origin none of whose corrections Royer had incorporated. Worse she had added to the third edition a further preface attacking the theory of pangenesis that Darwin had propounded in his Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication of 1868 - a theory with no direct bearing on the Origin at all. That was the breaking point. In late 1869 Darwin wrote to his Paris publisher C.-F. Reinwald and through him to the young Geneva naturalist Jean-Jacques Moulinié asking for a fresh translation. Moulinié began the work at the end of 1869 rendering first from the fifth English edition and then as Darwin's sixth edition appeared in 1872 incorporating its new chapter and additions as an appendix. The Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71 and Moulinié's own illness delayed him and he died in 1872 before his translation could be published. The book appeared in 1873 from Reinwald with a prefatory letter from Darwin dated 23 September 1872 and printed in both English and French explaining the change of translator and renouncing any royalty from the new edition. Moulinié's successor at Reinwald Edmond Barbier then produced in 1876 a second fresh translation - this time from Darwin's definitive sixth English edition of 1872 - which became and has remained the standard French Origin. Royer was not finished. A fourth edition of her translation appeared from Flammarion in 1882 the year of Darwin's death; it continued to be reprinted by that house into the 1930s thirty years after Royer's own death in Paris on 6 February 1902.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>The consequences for French intellectual life were considerable. The working French naturalists of the 1860s were slow to embrace Darwin: Quatrefages Milne-Edwards and Claude Bernard either ignored the book or engaged with it sceptically and the Académie des Sciences declined to elect Darwin a correspondant until 1878 and then only in botany. Part of this reluctance was the French scientific establishment's native attachment to a Lamarckian transformism which it preferred to defend rather than replace; part of it was the tendency of French Darwinism as refracted through Royer to be dismissable as anti-clerical propaganda dressed up as science. Paul Broca coined the neologism transformisme in 1868 to name the hypothesis in its Lamarck-to-Darwin arc and it is symptomatic that French readers through the 1870s continued to locate Darwin inside Lamarck's genealogy rather than outside it. Royer's progressivist framing made it harder for them to distinguish Darwin's argument from the older broader and less biologically rigorous evolutionism of Lamarck and of Herbert Spencer with which her preface actively confused it. Darwin writing to Gaston de Saporta in 1872 remarked wistfully that French opinion of his work had been formed in large part on the basis of a translation that was not his own. Royer for her part went from strength to strength in Paris. In 1870 she became the first woman elected to the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris a body founded and still led by Broca; she published her own major work Origine de l'homme et des sociétés the same year; and Ernest Renan in a phrase that became famous and eventually furnished the title of Joy Harvey's modern biography described her as almost a man of genius. The preface to the first French Origin is today reprinted as a standalone text in Geneviève Fraisse's Clémence Royer philosophe et femme de sciences of 1985 and discussed at length in Harvey's Almost a Man of Genius: Clémence Royer Feminism and Nineteenth-Century Science of 1997 where its status as a founding document of French social Darwinism - and more quietly of French feminist scientific writing - is now generally acknowledged.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>The book itself aside from these celebrated peculiarities of its making carries the full text of Darwin's third English edition including the Historical Sketch that Darwin had added in 1861 in response to accusations of having neglected his predecessors. It is the earliest form in which a French reader could encounter the third-edition apparatus - Lamarck Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Erasmus Darwin Chambers Wallace and the others whom Darwin acknowledged as having anticipated one or another piece of his theory. The branching diagram of Chapter IV the only illustration survives here in the Delarue lithograph cleanly printed and unreinforced. Darwin's closing sentence - on the grandeur of the view of life with its several powers having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one - appears in Royer's French in perceptibly softened form with the divinely breathed-in creative act rendered as an impersonal first cause. Small as the adjustment is it is characteristic of her hand.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>The provenance is French and aristocratic from an unidentified Château de Beaulieu whose library stamp - an oval in blue ink with the legend CHÂTEAU DE BEAULIEU around the circumference and the owner's initials G. T. F. in the centre - is placed at the upper margin of the half-title above an ink signature Beaulieu and a flourished calligraphic initial D. A later pencil annotation below identifies the book as the Édition originale Française. Several Châteaux de Beaulieu are candidates - in the Allier the Charente the Loir-et-Cher and the Mayenne among others - and the monogram G. T. F. has not yet been matched to a documented collector.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>References: Freeman 655. For the English first edition of 1859: PMM 344b Dibner Heralds of Science 199 Horblit 18b Garrison-Morton 220. Fraisse Clémence Royer philosophe et femme de sciences 1985 reprinting Royer's preface in full; Harvey Almost a Man of Genius: Clémence Royer Feminism and Nineteenth-Century Science 1997.</p> <br /> <br/> <br/> <br /> <p>8vo 175 × 111 mm: LXIV XXIII 25-712 pp. Folding lithographed plate by Delarue of Paris bound between pp. 160 and 161. Printed at Saint-Denis by A. Moulin. Contemporary French half red morocco over marbled paper-covered boards spine with five raised bands set off by gilt double fillets gilt-lettered CH. DARWIN and ORIGINE DES ESPÈCES in the second and third compartments small gilt ornament to the remaining compartments red-speckled endpapers edges yellowed. Library stamp of the Château de Beaulieu monogrammed G. T. F. at the head of the half-title. Joints and hinges sound and unrestored; morocco fresh and unrubbed at the bands gilt bright; corners lightly bumped; text block clean and tight with the usual scattered light foxing to preliminaries; folding plate unreinforced without tears or repairs at the folds.</p> . Guillaumin et Cie; Victor Masson et Fils unknown
187118750London: John Murray 1871. FIRST EDITION FIRST ISSUE. Numerous text illustrations. Original publisher's green cloth binding; an excellent set. First edition first issue of Darwin’s classic work in comparative anatomy his first inclusion of man in the general theory of natural selection and the first appearance of the term “evolution†in any of his works see Volume I page 2.<br /> <br /> In the twelve years since the publication of Origin the author had expanded his thinking as to man's inclusion with the other animals and this title which grew out of his Variations of Animals and Plants is based on his vast collection of data dating from 1837. Here by comparing the physiological and psychological aspects of man and ape he fills in what had been merely suggested in Origin that man's ancestor if still alive today would be classified among the primates and on a lower scale than the apes. The last chapter is an added essay on sexual selection that is the preferential chances of mating that some individuals of one sex have over their rivals. “Perhaps Darwin’s greatest contributions in this area was to show that secondary sexual characteristics had evolved in relation to a complex pattern of reproductive behavior which must itself be the product of natural selection†DSB III p. 575. This essay ends with the famous and often misquoted statement “Man still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin.â€<br /> <br /> Freeman 937; Garrison & Morton 170. John Murray unknown
