1 249 résultats
188195388Paris, Amand-Durand, [ 1881]. 16,1 x 11,2 cm (Einfassung). Blattmaß 17,8 x 12,5 cm. Verso mit dem rotem Orig.-Stempel des Stechers. Unter Feinkarton-Passepartout.
188195390Paris, Amand-Durand, [ 1881]. 16 x 11,3 cm (Einfassung). Blattmaß 17,9 x 12,4 cm. Verso mit dem rotem Orig.-Stempel des Stechers. Unter Feinkarton-Passepartout.
1841008974London: Longman Orme Brown Green and Longman 1841. Book. Very Good. Hardcover. First Edition. 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall. SCARCE in contemporary fine binding two volumes in polished calf the backs with black and red morocco labels and intricate gilt tooling marbled end papers and edges the bookplates of Walmer Castle and a later 20th c. owner front end papers prior owner inscriptions in pencil and ink concerning Walmer Castle and Cattermole's engravings "considered to be some of his finest". Very Good the calf rubbed and soiled. Both volumes with frontis engravings and engraved title pages Vol. I with 7 engravings in text Vol. II with 13 in text. The title pages call for 15 in Vol. I and 13 in Vol. II leaving the possibility of 4 missing engravings however no evidence of removal. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman Hardcover
18051317131London; Edinburgh: William Miller; The Letter Press by James Ballantyne 1805. Hardcover. Quarto iii 197 pages; VG; bound in period blind and gilt calf newly rebacked with brown leather paneled spine with a black label and gilt lettering; marbled text block and endpapers; mild rubbing and wear to boards; bookplate of the Countess of Beauchamp on the ffep; ownership stamp on sfep; with 4 engraved plates and an engraved headpiece vignette; wide margins; shelved case 7. The History of Rasselas Prince of Abissinia originally titled The Prince of Abissinia: A Tale though often abbreviated to Rasselas is an apologue about happiness by Samuel Johnson. Early readers considered Rasselas to be a work of philosophical and practical importance and critics often remark on the difficulty of classifying it as a novel.1 Johnson was a staunch opponent of slavery revered by abolitionists and Rasselas became a name adopted by emancipated slaves. wikipedia. 1317131. Shelved Dupont Bookstore. William Miller; The Letter Press by James Ballantyne hardcover books
This is a fine hardcover two volume set with near fine dust jackets. Short abraision to edge of one dust jacket. Both volumes are completely clean inside and out. Text in Spanish. Illustrated in color and black & white with reproductions of lithographs and engravings of 19th century Mexico. Plate lists in both volumes with full information on the prints, lithographs, etc. Bibliography. 13" high X 11" wide, 233 & 297 pages. Volume 2 has a different ISBN: 9686320067. It was published in 1995. Both volumes limited editions Volume 1: 3000 copies. Volume 2 : 2000 copies. Large very heavy books, foreign shipping will be extra. This set will be securely wrapped and packed in a sturdy box and shipped with tracking.
18298060London: Jones 1829. Hardcover. Fine. Rebound in maroon cloth with black paper spine labels stamped in gilt. Fine condition. Minor foxing otherwise fine condition. 70 pages of text and 38 pages of steel engravings two illustrations per page in the first title. 52 pages of descriptive text and 40 pages of steel engravings two illustrations per page in the second title. Altogether 156 steel engravings on 78 pages. <br/><br/> Jones hardcover books
8vo., First Edition thus, with engraved frontispiece, 40 engravings (a number full-page) and large folding map, neat contemporary signatures on front paste-down; original navy buckram, bevelled boards, gilt back, gilt top, uncut, boards very lightly age-marked, backstrip mildly faded (but all gilt wholly legible), a bright, clean, crisp copy. EDITION LIMITED TO 1500 COPIES. With the trade ticket of Gilbert of Southampton on front paste-down. Printed from the plates of Macmillan's definitive Wessex Edition and so including both the expanded Preface of 1912 and the episode of the dance at the hay-trusser's (pp.76-79) present there for the first time. See Purdy p.77.
195319052011Kentfield: The L D Allen Press 1953. Limited Edition. Hardcover. Fine/near fine. Dean Mallette. One of 160 copies octavo size 55 pp. The thirteenth publication from The Allen Press this story by Honore de Balzac 1799-1850 was originally titled "Maitre Cornelius" and first appeared in 1831 in the "Revue de Paris"; it was published in book form in 1832. Balzac was a prolific French novelist and playwright perhaps best remembered today for "Eugénie Grandet" his first bestseller; in this famous wayward love story set in fifteenth-century France Marie de Saint-Vallier daughter of Louis XI is unhappily married and becomes entangled in an unusual love affair. <br/><br/>The book features four wood engravings by the incomparable Mallette Dean 1907-1975 painter and illustrator who worked for most of his career in San Francisco on projects such as the WPA Mural Project the murals in Coit Tower and for fifteen years illustrated books for the Grabhorn Press and other Bay-Area presses such as the Allens'. Dorothy Allen hand-colours each wood engraving bringing a bright simplicity to the scenes of the story.<br/><br/>___DESCRIPTION: Quarter blue paper with marbled paper boards red lettering on the spine fore- and bottom edges uncut title page with wood-engraved historiated initial "T" by Mallette Dean with hand-colouring by Dorothy Allen running heads in blue throughout four wood engravings by Dean with hand-colouring by Allen throughout; Romanee type handmade Highclere paper octavo size 9" by 5.75" pagination: i-v vi-lv one of 160 copies unnumbered. With prior owner bookplate on the front paste-down. In publisher's original acetate wrapper.<br/><br/>___CONDITION: A fine copy; the covers clean the corners straight and unrubbed the binding tight with solid hinges the interior clean and bright; some faint sunning to the spine an Ex-Libris on the front pastedown of James Wilson Mull else fine. The acetate wrapper is near fine clean with some light scuff marks without wear but for small chips to the corners and a very small closed tear to the head of the spine.<br/><br/>___CITATION: The Allen Press Bibliography no. 13.<br/><br/>___POSTAGE: International customers please note that additional postage may apply as the standard shipping charge does not always cover costs; please inquire for details.<br/><br/>___Swan's Fine Books is pleased to be a member of the ABAA ILAB and IOBA and we stand behind every book we sell. Please contact us with any questions you may have we are here to help. The L D Allen Press hardcover books
194533330952Waltham Saint Lawrence: The Golden Cockerel Press 1945. Limited Edition. Hardcover. Very good. Webb Clifford. One of 500 copies folio size pp. The Golden Cockerel Press came together in autumn of 1920 at a time when post-World War I society was ushering in a renaissance of creative minds including another renaissance of the printing press as the artist's tool similar to that of William Morris and the arts and crafts printers of the previous century. The press worked with many notable artists including Eric Gill Blair Hughes-Stanton Robert Gibbings and the artist for this work Clifford Webb. <br /> <br /> Clifford Cyril Webb 1895-1972 studied art and is best known today for his wood engravings. He was a founder-member of the Society of Wood Engravers and "was a prominent figure in the group of engravers whobrought about the revival of wood engraving in the 1920s and benefited from the encouragement of Robert Gibbings and the Golden Cockerel Press" n.b. quote from Webb's entry in Horne "The Dictionary of 20th Century British Book Illustrators" p. 437. <br /> <br /> Per the bibliographical entry for this work "it is surprising that no complete translation of this unique eye-witness account of the First Crusade had ever been published in England before. What the pilgrims did in their fervour of blind fanaticism 'to the glory of God' makes astonishing reading!" <br /> <br /> ___DESCRIPTION: Bound by Sangorski & Sutcliffe in half vellum with orange buckram boards gilt vignette on the front board of crusaders on horseback by Clifford Webb top edge gilt frontis one of five full-page wood-engravings bound in throughout small title page wood-engraving also of crusaders on horseback wood-engraving of a cockerel holding a crusader pennant in its beak on p. 9; Poliphilus type on hand-made paper folio size 12 3/8" by 7 3/8" pagination: 1-4 5-92 1 colophon. <br /> <br /> ___CONDITION: A solid very good copy with clean boards the vellum smooth and without wear a strong square text block with solid hinges the interior is clean and bright and entirely free of prior owner markings; a small mark on the vellum on the back board light overall edgewear the corners bumped but not rubbed. <br /> <br /> ___CITATION: Cockalorum 168. <br /> <br /> ___POSTAGE: International customers please note that additional postage may apply as the standard does not always cover costs; please inquire for details. <br /> <br /> ___Swan's Fine Books is pleased to be a member of the ABAA ILAB and IOBA and we stand behind every book we sell. Please contact us with any questions you may have we are here to help. The Golden Cockerel Press hardcover
195420011203Kentfield California: The L-D Allen Press 1954. Limited Edition. Hardcover. Fine/very good. Dean Mallette. One of 175 copies quarto size 146 pp. Marie-Henri Beyle 1783-1842 is likely best remembered today for his novels "Le Rouge et le Noir" and "La Chartreuse de Parme" and is considered one of the earliest authors of realism. Stendhal saw much of the Europe of his day; as part of the Napoleonic army he participated in the 1812 invasion of Russia and the retreat therefrom; served as the French consul in parts of Italy and eventually moved to Paris being buried in Montmarte. <br/><br/>Stendhal's "Journals" provide a fascinating glimpse not only into some of the places to which he travelled but more importantly into his inner thoughts; he was one of the Allens' "esteemed authors" and they were excited at the chance to publish an excerpt of his "Journals" when approached with the idea by Professor Francis Carmody. <br/><br/>As stated in the Allen Press bibliography "this was our fourth edition to be produced entirely by hand with hand-crafted materials throughout. We were now convinced that this method was our proper métier - that the handpress is the most satisfactory instrument in a chimerical attempt at the craftsmanship standards set by Kelmscott Doves and Ashendene presses" p. 39. This book was selected as one of the AIGA fifty books of the year. <br/><br/>___DESCRIPTION: Bound in full Fortuny printed cloth from Venice of antique red on a dull gold background headbands of black and gilt title page in red and black in opposing vertical columns each section with headpieces of one of the two wood engravings by Mallette Dean one of an elaborate quill pen forming the shape of a fleur-de-lis the other of a cluster of grapes and leaves; handset Romanée type Crown & Sceptre paper hand-made in England with the watermark "British Hand Made" quarto size 10.25" by 7.25" pagination: 1-6 7-146. Dust wrapper of plain black Italian laid paper with gilt lettering on the spine. <br/><br/>___CONDITION: Fine with clean boards perfectly straight corners totally without rubbing a strong square text block with solid hinges the interior is clean and bright and entirely free of prior owner markings; clean crisp as new. The paper dust jacket we are grading as very good due to minor overall edgewear and a rectangular chip at the top of the rear joint approx. one inch by one-third inch; as the Allens stated in their bibliography "this paper proved to be too perishable; a clear acetate jacket would have been more durable and would have revealed the handsome Italian cloth." <br/><br/>___CITATION: Allen Press bibliography no. 15; Hawk no. 319.<br/><br/>___POSTAGE: International customers please note that additional postage may apply as the standard does not always cover costs; please inquire for details.<br/><br/>___Swan's Fine Books is pleased to be a member of the ABAA ILAB and IOBA and we stand behind every book we sell. Please contact us with any questions you may have we are here to help. The L-D Allen Press hardcover books
188195438Paris, Amand-Durand, [ 1881]. 15 x 8,8 cm (Einfassung). Blattmaß 15,9 x 9,9 cm. Verso mit dem rotem Orig.-Stempel des Stechers. Unter Feinkarton-Passepartout.
27627in4 plein maroquin,plats decorés,trés frotté,titré museo Londres,sans page de titre, tranches dorées, 80 eaux fortes sous serpentes avec le texte en regard, montées sur onglets, Author: Thomas H Shepherd, (Thomas Hosmer), artist.Contributor: Wallis, William, 1796- engraver.- rare-
27099London: T. Cadell and W. Davies; J. Murray 1816. . Folio pp.viii174 attractive twentieth-century quarter calf with five raised bands gilt marbled boards new endpapers 20 engraved plates including additional pictorial title and one in the text; light foxing to pictorial title lower corner of rear board a little bumped otherwise a very good copy indeed. London: T. Cadell and W. Davies; J. Murray, 1816. hardcover
1839052209London: William S. Orr & Co. 1839. 1st Edition 1st Printing. Hardcover. Very Good. Xxiii 356 Pp. First Printing 1839. Full Morocco Gilt And Stamped In Blind Yellow Endpapers All Edges Gilt. Plates Tissue Guards With Subject Titles. Slight Usage Tiny Repairs To Corners Furbished. Captions Printed On The Tissue Guards. Binding Is Early Or Original Wear But Nicely Refurbished New Morocco Spine Label Hinges Intact And Solid. Contents Very Clean Light Foxing To A Few Plates But Almost All Are Entirely Clean And With Clean Intact Tissue Guards. Wordsworth Was The Youngest Son Of The Rev. Dr. Christopher Wordsworth Master Of Trinity And A Nephew Of The Poet William Wordsworth. He Was The Younger Brother Of The Classical Scholar John Wordsworth And Charles Wordsworth Bishop Of Saint Andrews Dunkeld And Dunblane. He Was Educated At Winchester And Trinity Cambridge. Like His Brother Charles He Was Distinguished As An Athlete As Well As For Scholarship. He Won The Chancellor's Gold Medal For Poetry In 1827 And 1828. He Became Senior Classic And Was Elected A Fellow And Tutor Of Trinity In 1830; Shortly Afterwards He Took Holy Orders. He Went For A Tour In Greece In 1832-1833 And Published Various Works On Its Topography And Archaeology The Most Famous Of Which Is "Wordsworth's" Greece 1839. In 1836 He Became Public Orator At Cambridge And In The Same Year Was Appointed Headmaster Of Harrow A Post He Resigned In 1844. In 1844 Sir Robert Peel Appointed Him As A Canon Of Westminster 1844-1869. He Was Vicar Of Stanford In The Vale Berkshire 1850-1869 And Archdeacon Of Westminster 1864-1869. In 1869 Benjamin Disraeli Appointed Him Bishop Of Lincoln Which He Retained Until His Death In 1885. <br/> <br/> William S. Orr & Co. hardcover
London, Paris & New York, Cassell & Co., sin fecha (hacia 1890), 34 x 26,5 cm., encuadernación editorial en piel repujada sobre tabla con pérdidas en los bordes y lomo reconstruido en tela, cortes dorados, XLIX + 152 págs. + 250 láminas. (Leve mancha de humedad en la esquina inferior de algunas hojas).
188195376Paris, Amand-Durand, [ 1881]. 10,7 x 7,1 cm (Einfassung). Blattmaß 11,6 x 7,8 cm. Verso mit dem rotem Orig.-Stempel des Stechers. Unter Feinkarton-Passepartout.
188195377Paris, Amand-Durand, [ 1881]. 11,7 x 8,3 cm (Einfassung). Blattmaß 13,3 x 9.3 cm. Verso mit dem rotem Orig.-Stempel des Stechers. Unter Feinkarton-Passepartout.
188195401Paris, Amand-Durand, [ 1881]. 16 x 11,7 cm (Einfassung). Blattmaß 18 x 12,8 cm. Verso mit dem rotem Orig.-Stempel des Stechers. Unter Feinkarton-Passepartout.
188195368Paris, Amand-Durand, [ 1881]. 15,9 x 15,7 cm (Einfassung). Blattmaß 17,5 x 16,5 cm. Verso mit dem rotem Orig.-Stempel des Stechers. Unter Feinkarton-Passepartout.
188195394Paris, Amand-Durand, [ 1881]. 16 x 11,3 cm (Einfassung). Blattmaß 17,9 x 12,2 cm. Verso mit dem rotem Orig.-Stempel des Stechers. Unter Feinkarton-Passepartout.
188195397Paris, Amand-Durand, [ 1881]. 16,3 x 11,3 cm (Einfassung). Blattmaß 18,3 x 12,4 cm. Verso mit dem rotem Orig.-Stempel des Stechers. Unter Feinkarton-Passepartout.
188195372Paris, Amand-Durand, [ 1881]. 15,5 x 15,4 cm (Einfassung). Blattmaß 17,7 x 16,4 cm. Verso mit dem rotem Orig.-Stempel des Stechers. Unter Feinkarton-Passepartout.
188195427Paris, Amand-Durand, [ 1881]. 15,2 x 10 cm (Einfassung). Blattmaß 17,2 x 11 cm. Verso mit dem rotem Orig.-Stempel des Stechers. Unter Feinkarton-Passepartout.
Pages 254-336 plus 12 pages of ads. Features: Biggest Hold-up on Record - robbery of the U.S. Mail at Toledo, Ohio in February, 1921; Salvaging a God - a tale of South Sea natives and one of their gods; Pekin (Peking / Beijing) to London, Mostly by Car- Fantastic photo-illustrated article on Capt. D.M. McCallum's 15,000 mile adventure, including photos of Angkor; Further Adventures of a Tenderfoot in Canada (part 3 of 3) - H.P. Musson's homestead turns out to be all rocks and precipices!; The People of Pierre Le Loupe - George E. Stuart-Reid volunteers with the North-West Mounted to finally capture a half-breed murderer after a long and arduous hunt; A Day in the Life of a South African Farmer; Over Niagara Falls in a Rubber Ball! - Amazing photo-illustrated article on Jean Albert Lussier and his daring exploit; How I Won My Horse - Margaret S. Coffman and her challenging 300-mile Texas ride; The Big Leopard - John de Bruin recounts how he was attacked - with photo; When Raj Mungal Saw Red - a valuable elephant goes rogue in Sabalpur, India; The Snake Worshippers - a story from Calcutta about the Ooriyas, natives of the province of Orissa on the east coast of India; Through the Heart of Afghanistan - Part 2 of 2 of this photo-illustrated account of Emil Trinkler and his trip to this strange land of desolate mountains and fertile valleys, with photos of the huge cliff carvings at Bamian; Following the Frontier Trail - Newspaperwoman Edith Ammons Kohl recounts her experiences in the vast range country of Wyoming; My Strangest Experience - a story of the occult by a trooper in the B.S.A. police. Average wear. Unmarked. Binding intact. A sound copy of this excellent vintage issue. Book
185843455London: Longman Brown Green and Longmans. Printed by Woodfall and Kinder 1858. Newly revised and much enlarged edition the 3rd printing to include "Foreign and Jewish Cookery." Late 19th Century Cloth Binding 12mo; xlvii 643 32 pages 714 total 8 leaves of plates all present. 18 cm. <br> Early printing following the addition in 1855 three years earlier of a new section on "Foreign and Jewish Cookery;" That was also the first edition issued under the now-famous title Modern Cookery for Private Families.<br> Includes index and 32-page publisher's catalogue after text.<br> <br> Famously Lady Judith Montefiore published the first English-language Kosher cookbook The Jewish Manual in 1846 primarily for other Jewish housewives and meal planners. <br> Less than a decade later however leading British cookbook author Eliza Acton took Lady Montefiore's Jewish cooking tips one step further celebrating and normalizing them for cooks of all backgrounds across the Commonwealth through a new expanded edition of her best-selling cookbook Modern Cookery.<br> Journalist Rita Ehrlich notes that between these two works "The first Jewish recipes published in English reveal the place of accomplished Jewish women in 19th Century high society.<br> Among the welter of cookbooks published in 19th century England Eliza Acton's Modern Cookery for Private Families stands out for its clarity its practicality its occasional humour and its inclusion of Jewish food.<br> First published in 1845.The 1855 edition included a section on Foreign and Jewish Cookery and among the recipes was one for Jewish Almond Pudding. It was one of the few recipes Acton had not tested herself. 'We have tasted the puddings . more than once and have received the exact directions for them from the Jewish lady at whose house they were made.'<br> A Jewish lady - presumably the same one - provided her and thereby the readers with the address of a Jewish butcher in the London suburb of Aldgate from whom one could procure smoked beef and a chorissa sausage. Acton noted that 'all meat supplied by Jew butchers is sure to be of first-rate quality as they are forbidden by the Mosaic Law to convert into food any animal which is not perfectly free from all 'spot or blemish''. She also noted that the Jewish dietary laws which forbade the mixing of dairy and meat were 'not very rigidly observed' by most English Jews.<br> The date of that book is striking. Jews were part of English society by 1855 with a Jewish Lord Mayor of London Sir David Salomons a leader in the campaign to allow Jews to sit in Parliament. Lionel de Rothschild took his seat in Parliament in 1858 the year of this copy's publication following the passing of the Jews Relief Act. He had been elected a number of times; the sticking point had been the need to swear the oath 'upon the true Faith of a Christian'.<br> Even if we did not know about the number of wealthy highly regarded and influential Jews in London at that time the fact that an author would include specifically Jewish recipes and shopping advice in a bestselling cookbook that also recommended Jewish butchers for the quality of the meat suggests strongly that there was companionable social exchange.<br> The almond pudding recipe appeared in an earlier book published in 1846 called The Jewish Manual edited by A Lady no doubt the same lady who had entertained Eliza Acton. She was almost certainly Lady Judith Montefiore wife of the influential philanthropist Sir Moses Montefiore and the book was the first Jewish cookbook in the English language" Rita Ehrlich When 'A Lady' taught the English to cook kugel and Jews to be English 2022. <br> thejewishindependent.com.au/when-a-lady-taught-the-english-to-cook-kugel-and-jews-to-be-english.<br> <br> Eliza Acton 1799-1859 "was an English food writer and poet who produced one of Britain's first cookery books aimed at the domestic reader Modern Cookery for Private Families this work. The book introduced the now-universal practice of listing ingredients and giving suggested cooking times for each recipe. It included the first recipes in English for Brussels sprouts and for spaghetti.Some time after Modern Cookery was published Acton moved from Tonbridge to Hampstead north west London. She became the cookery correspondent for the weekly magazines The Ladies' Companion and Household Words and began writing.a new edition of Modern Cookery. This was published in 1855 and renamed as Modern Cookery for Private Families the name by which it is best known. This version contains an additional chapter named 'Foreign and Jewish Cookery'; the Jewish recipes are from Ashkenazi cuisine" Wikipedia.<br> Indeed Eliza Acton's "Modern Cookery. "is considered the first practical cookbook specifically geared toward the everyday cook. The schoolteacher poet and cookery writer Eliza Acton 1799-1859 published a number of poems as a young woman and 'in 1837 . her publishers Longmans suggested she should write something more practical than poetry so for the next few years she applied herself to meticulous research for the work by which she is best known: Modern Cookery for Private Families first published in 1845. The book was well received on its first appearance; critics thought it the best cookery book they had seen combining as it did clarity of instructions with excellent organisation. <br> The book was a lasting success running into several editions and was the standard work on the subject until the end of the century establishing Eliza Acton as the first of the modern cookery writers. She wrote with great charm and clarity but what marked the book as innovative was her original plan of listing very exactly the ingredients the time taken and pitfalls for the inexperienced cook. This was a completely new format all other books on the subject being far less exact in their instructions. <br> This became the standard way of writing cookery books."Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. <br> <br> Modern food journalists Sue Dyson and Roger McShane suggest that Acton's Modern Cookery "is an absolutely essential part of any serious cookbook collection" https://foodtourist.com/modern-cookery-for-private-families-by-eliza-acton. <br> <br> Contents:- Introductory Chapters. Trussing; Carving -- Soups -- Fish -- Dishes of Shell-Fish -- Gravies -- Sauces -- Cold Sauces Salads Etc. -- Store Sauces -- Forcemeats -- Boiling Roasting Etc. -- Beef -- Veal -- Mutton and Lamb -- Pork -- Poultry -- Game -- Curries Potted Meats Etc. -- Vegetables -- Pastry -- Soufflés Omlets Etc. -- Boiled Puddings -- Baked Puddings -- Eggs and Milk -- Sweet Dishes or Entremets -- Preserves -- Pickles -- Cakes -- Confectionary -- Dessert Dishes -- Syrups Liqueurs Etc. -- Coffee Chocolate Etc. -- Bread -- Foreign and Jewish Cookery.<br> <br> For more on Acton and this book's impact on modern food culture see for example Sheila Hardy's The Real Mrs Beeton: The Story of Eliza Acton The History Press 2011; Sophie Hill's Keeping up Appearances: Economy vs. Extravagance in Eliza Acton's Modern Cookery <br> https://recipes.hypotheses.org/tag/eliza-acton; and the Wikipedia page dedicated to this groundbreaking cookbook <br> en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Cookery_for_Private_Families. <br> <br> SUBJECTS: Cooking English. Cuisine anglaise. Cookbooks. Publishers' catalogs.<br> The University of West Virginia keeps their copy in their Rare Book Room. <br> OCLC: 2613184 for 1859 printing. <br> Front inside hinge just starting light wear to crown of spine Good Condition. Important B Food-1-1-'!yyox. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. Printed by Woodfall and Kinder unknown