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In Lausanna [i.e. Livorno] / In Siena, [tipografia Coltellini] / per Francesco Rossi stamp. del pubblico, 1765 / [1786], due titoli legati in un volume, in-8 piccolo, legatura coeva in piena pergamena, titolo manoscritto al dorso, tagli screziati. Beccaria: pp. [2], 141, [3], 135-229, [3], l'ultima carta bianca. Con antiporta incisa in rame, vignetta calcografica (bilancia in equilibrio su spada spezzata) sul frontespizio, e fregio xilografico al recto di carta A2, con i simboli delle arti. L'irregolarità della paginazione fu causata dalla volontà del tipografo di reintegrare, rispetto ad una prima composizione a stampa, le numerose pagine omesse nel Giudizio del De Soria. Terza edizione assoluta di questa "pietra miliare" del pensiero giuridico e prima in assoluto a recare l'antiporta allegorica incisa in rame immaginata dal Beccaria. Edizione pubblicata dalla tipografia Coltellini: cfr. L. Firpo, Le edizioni del "Dei delitti e delle pene", p. 544-547, n. 4 in Edizione nazionale delle opere di Cesare Beccaria, v. 1, Milano 1984. Var. C: vignetta calcografica sul front. (bilancia in equilibrio su spada spezzata) e fregio a p. 3. Atti del Convegno Internazionale su Cesare Beccaria, Torino, 4-6 ottobre 1964, pp. 399-403. Riforma della legislazione criminale toscana: pp. 80. Con stemma xilografico di Pietro Leopoldo granduca di Toscana sul frontespizio. Il 30 novembre del 1786 il Gran Ducato di Toscana sotto Pietro Leopoldo promulgò il nuovo codice criminale; per la prima volta nella storia degli stati moderni, con questo documento, furono abolite la pena di morte e la tortura. Timbretto di possesso privato sul frontespizio dell'opera del Beccaria. Volume unico che riunisce il testo teorico fondativo dell'abolizione della pena capitale e la sua prima applicazione pratica nella storia. Ottime condizioni di conservazione.
17843603426London: Sold in Spur Street Leicester Square 1784. Small crease in lower corner in good condition. Oval engraving 350 x 265 mm. image size; mounted. <p><p>Rare variant of the famous engraving of Cook's death showing as the caption notes "Part of the Original Plate after Webber" and presumably quite literally printed from an oval cut from the fuller engraved copper. This is only very rarely seen: the single example noted by Joppien and Smith was in the British Museum. </p> <p>The full-size engraving was first issued early in 1784. Based on the oil painting executed by Webber soon after he returned to London in 1780 the figures were engraved by Francesco Bartolozzi and the landscape by William Byrne. Quickly becoming the most famous of all eighteenth-century depictions of the massacre the view appeared at about the same time as the official third voyage account was published. This was no coincidence: although lavishly illustrated by Webber the official account did not include any depiction of the most famous scene of the entire voyage the death of Captain Cook. As a result the iconic engraving is often seen bound into extra-illustrated editions of the third voyage account.</p> <p>Reflecting the general opinion prevailing in published accounts of the voyage the original image as Joppien and Smith argue appeared to show Cook as 'an innocent victim killed in the act of pleading for peace'. This is here heightened by the changed composition as the oval shape dictates a radically different impact to that of the original engraving omitting the dramatic conflict between the British sailors and the Hawaiians and thus implying a scene in which Cook his arm raised in supplication to his men offstage stands alone and is overwhelmed by a seething crowd.</p> <p>The only copy noted among Australian holdings appears to be the heavily clipped copy in the National Library of Australia part of the Nan Kivell collection.</p> </p> . Sold in Spur Street, Leicester Square unknown
In-4to piccolo, (36), 121, (1) pp., 10 tavole. Completo delle 56 silografie nel testo (molte delle quali a piena pagina) e delle 10 tavole incise in rame fuori testo, una delle quali (cuore) con volvelle. Vitello coevo, dorso ben restaurato.
059-Ao.J. Kupferstich, 1614, nach Barthel Beham, auf Bütten. 5,7:8,2 cm. Im rechten Rand gering flecking. Literatur: Hollstein 559. Ganz ausgezeichneter und klarer Abdruck mit leichtem Plattenton und mit Rand um die Plattenkante.
[20], 644 pages. Index. Twenty-six black and white photographic plates. Leather binding. "Comprising a history of Egypt, with a comprehensive and authentic account of the antiquity of masonry resulting from many years of personal investigation and exhaustive research in India, Persia, Syria and the Valley of the Nile." - title page. After first receiving the Light in India, the author was moved to "investigate, to the fullest extent, the meaning and purport of the numerous hieroglyphic inscriptions, symbols and characters found upon the ancient tombs and temples, so that the Masonic Fraternity might understand, appreciate and apply the teachings of the hierophants and sages of bygone days." - Preface. Chapters: Alexandria - the Antiquity of Masonry; Ruined Temples - Masonry and Masonic Symbols; Ancient Cities - Soirian Myth - Karma; the Nile - Origin of the Name Free Mason - Scottish Rite Philosophy; Ancient Mysteries - Scottish Rite philosophy; Suez Canal - The Druses, Their Manners and Customs; Agriculture - Irrigation - Lotus - Papyrus; The Supreme Architect of the Universe; Mosques - Tombs - Massacre of Mamelukes - Heliopolis; Esoteric Teaching of the Scottish Rite - Brain and Thought; Pyramids - Sphinx - Tombs; Solomon - Death of Hiram - Cross - Swastica; Mummification - Transmigration - Re-incarnation; Sixteen Saviours - Lost Knowledge; The Golden Fleece - Roman Eagle - Masonic Apron - What it Teaches; Pyramids of Sakkarah - Lisht - Medum - The Fayum - Labyrinth; Sun Worship - Zodiac - Masonic Allegories; A Voyage up the Nile - Description of Tombs and Temples - Pro Doric Columns; Ineffable degrees - Thoughts on Ecclesiastes - I.N.R.I. - Voyaging up the Nile - examining Tombs and Temples - Paintings - Sculptures; Masonic teachings - Hindu beggar - Roman Catholicism; Thebes - Colossi - Der-El-Bahari - Luxor - Karnak; Ceremonies - Initiation - Blue Lodge - Transmigration - Mystery Language; The Gawazee - exploring Temples and tombs - Philae and its ruins - Nubia; Jewish Traditions and customs - Cable tow - Ceremonies of ancient Initiation - book of the Law; Circumsision - upon what the Ancient Craftsmen were obligated - the lost word. All edges gilt. Protected frontis portrait of author. Ornately embossed boards. Raised bands to spine. Partially rubbed gilt lettering and decoration upon back strip. Marbled endpapers. Hinges intact internally, open or opening externally. Front board partially detached. Somewhat above-average wear to boards. Unmarked. A worthy original copy of this monumental work. 12" x 9.5" x 2.5". 11 pounds. Book
190976832Death Valley: N.p. 1909. Twenty-seven noncommercial stereoviews 7 x 3 1/2 inches. The photographs are very sharp and mounted onto plain gray mounts. Overall excellent condition.We can find no other history of a stereoscopic documentation of a gold prospecting expedition in Death Valley nor anywhere else in California for that matter. Almost all of the cards are dated and they bear the same date of January 1909 which leads one to think that they packed it up after a month. The ostensible first view is the exception; it is dated Dec. 1908 and shows a couple of the party standing next to two of Smith's huge borax wagons in Ludlow California. Ludlow was the southern railhead for the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad operated by the Pacific Coast Borax Company and bringing borax and other mining products from Death Valley and Beatty Nevada to long distance Santa Fe Railway lines. The mere fact that one of the exploring party carried a stereoscopic camera is in itself remarkable as a decent such camera is 1909 cost between $50 and $75 dollars or between $2000 and $2500 in today's dollars. Death Valley prospector's were not known for their wealth and a burro was their usual big ticket item.The majority of the cards have annotations on the verso. From those we learn some of the party's names "Emmit" "Dickie"etc. but no last names and the names of the places in the Valley where they prospected. Their main site seems to have been Gold Basin in the Funeral Mountains of the eastern part of Death Valley. There is no record of a Gold Basin in the literature of Death Valley. Place names in Death Valley were still fluid at this point and the name was likely made up at the time. Probably it become what is now called Golden Canyon. We do know that they were solely active in the Funeral Mountains and this was likely due to the fact that the most successful strikes in Death Valley were also in the Funeral Mountains. The famous Keane Wonder Mine was still very active in January of 1909 and some $600000 in gold and silver were mined before it began to fizzle in 1911. Some of the other places named and shown in the stereos are South Mountain. Gold Mountain Rhode's Wash Scott's Canyon and Scott's Cave Death Valley Narrows Saddle Horseshoe Ridge and others. Again none of the names given by this party survived. Member's of the prospecting party are shown in 16 of the views and it seems to have consisted of six members. One interesting view is captioned "Prospector's Camp and Forge Bill Keys of Death Valley." At age 15 Keys left home to work as a ranch hand smelter worker and miner honing skills that would define his later years. His early adventures took him to Arizona where he served as a deputy sheriff in Mohave County and to Death Valley where he befriended the colorful prospector Walter “Death Valley Scotty†Scott. The year after this photo was taken Keys took a job as custodian and assayer at the Desert Queen Mine in what is now Joshua Tree National Park. He soon took ownership of the land and it became the famous Desert Queen Ranch.Why these views were taken remains something of a mystery. It is more than likely especially when keeping in mind the outrageous cost of a stereoscopic camera in 1909 they they were to be used as an advertising ploy to lure investors into investing in mining Death Valley. The two most famous and best producing gold mines in the history of Death Valley Skidoo and the Keane Wonder Mine were both at their height in 1909 and western Nevada with its mining booms in places like Goldfield Tonopah Rhyolite Bullfrog etc. was also in full-swing. We can be thankful that the anonymous photographer was very skilled; the images are very sharp and he often conveyed the desolation and grandeur in a way not seen before. In recent times taking a trip to Death Valley is considered just another fun road trip but in 1909 is was a perilous endeavor not to be undertaken lightly. N.p. unknown
200986916Caja De Ahorros De La Inmaculada. New. 2009. Hardcover. 849686927X . FREE UPGRADE to Courier/Priority Shipping Upon Request - IN STOCK AND IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE FOR SHIPMENT - Flawless copy brand new pristine never opened -- INCLUDES CD-ROM. Text in Spanish. 446 pages with many illustrations. Catalogue Raisonne Catalog Raisonné Complete Works Catalogo Razonado Obra Completa Raisonnee -- with a bonus offer . Caja De Ahorros De La Inmaculada hardcover
2009C86916Caja De Ahorros De La Inmaculada. As New. 2009. Hardcover. 849686927X . FREE UPGRADE to Courier/Priority Shipping Upon Request - IN STOCK AND IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE FOR SHIPMENT - Flawless copy brand new pristine never opened -- INCLUDES CD-ROM. Text in Spanish. 446 pages with many illustrations. Catalogue Raisonne Catalog Raisonné Complete Works Catalogo Razonado Obra Completa Raisonnee -- with a bonus offer-- - May be EITHER: out of print OOP and extremely rare in this pristine condition; signed by author or contributor; or a first or special edition; inquire for details . Caja De Ahorros De La Inmaculada hardcover
In-8 p. (mm. 207x169), cartonato rustico coevo (dorso restaur.), pp. (12),LXII, fregio tipografico xilografato al frontespizio. "Prima edizione", dedicata dall’A. al Barone Giuseppe De Sperges e Palenz (Cavaliere dell’Insigne Reale Ordine di Santo Stefano d’Ungheria, etc.). Trattato suddiviso in 16 paragrafi che contengono: “Della necessità, del fine, e della misura delle Pene in generale - Di alcune Nazioni, le quali non hanno dato la Pena di Morte - Pretesa contradizione della Pena di Morte - Se la Religione diminuisca l’impressione della Pena di Morte - Incovenienti della troppo grande estensione della Pena di Morte - Delle leggi, le quali decretano la Pena di Morte contro il Furto, ecc.”. “Il milanese Paolo Vergani (1750-1821) approfondì gli studi in storia e diritto canonico divenendo prelato. Si formò nell’ambiente intellettuale e culturale milanese dei fratelli Pietro e Alessandro Verri, oltre che di Cesare Beccaria, dal quale successivamente in parte prese le distanze. D’impronta moderata e illuminista, nel 1777 pubblicò con l’editore Malatesta "Della pena di morte", in cui si poneva l’obiettivo di elaborare una sorta di difesa del sistema criminale allora vigente, nella convinzione dell’ineluttabilità della pena di morte. La sua posizione oscillava, tuttavia, tra la necessità che la pena di morte venisse inflitta esclusivamente nei casi di maggiore gravità, in presenza di prove certe, e l’effetto intimidatorio insito nella stessa per la repressione dei reati. Anche per Vergani le leggi penali dovevano avere come fine l’utilità sociale ma, diversamente da Beccaria, sosteneva quanto le disuguaglianze delle condizioni sociali potessero giustificarne l’inflizione.. Ricevette per quest’opera il plauso su riviste come il “Journal encyclopédique”. Così Diz. Biograf. Ital., vol. 98. Fresco esemplare ben conservato, con bell’ex-libris al risguardo.
193532680New York: Dell Publishing Co. Inc. 1935. Mild tanning to text paper several tiny edge tears to front cover clear tape to upper right front corner/spine right edge likely trimmed a bright nearly fine copy. 32680. Octavo single issue cover by Rudolph Zirm pictorial wrappers. Pulp magazine. Series character first appeared in All-Detective Magazine. "12 Must Die" by Harold Ward writing as "Zorro." Reference: Tymn and Ashley eds Science Fiction Fantasy and Weird Fiction Magazines pp. 186-87. Dell Publishing Co., Inc. unknown
17864439France 1786. Hand-colored etched folding paper fan printed on the recto of two joined sheets backed in plain paper mounted on 15 later plain wooden sticks the open leaf measuring approx. 112 x 460 mm. total fan height 260 mm. The etching shows two couples and a small dog and table with wine carafe and glass flanking a female figure in white Grecian robes and a green wreath holding in one hand a heart at her breast and with the other hand ceremoniously setting alight a bundle of wood a fagot on a small pedestal or altar above which is the wreathed inscription Institution des fagotiers a auteuil le 2 avril 1786 / On prete serment sur un fagot de pratiquer toute sa vie cinq vertus : cordial franchise amitié générosité obeisance sic et tendresse; at top a star with the initials T L A and a banner lettered Vertus des fagotiers surmounted by the caption Ronde joyeuse des fagotiers/ Air: c’est la petite Theresse sic; on either side of this scene are four verses within two green-outlined oval cartouches within stenciled blue and yellow decorative border. Some wear and slight splitting along a few folds a couple of small tears at mounts.<br /> <br /> A mildly licentious pre-Revolutionary printed fan possibly commemorating a real event a “festival of the wood-gatherers†fagotiers held in Auteuil on April 2 1786 but of which there appears to be no historical record. Rather than a guild the fagotiers may have been a local association or club. <br /> <br /> The symbolism of the image and verses seems to be along the lines of Carpe diem carnally for death is around the corner — heavy sentiments for a feather-light fan. One of the men is gesturing toward his partner’s crotch and the verses on either side of the central scene are dotted with sexual innuendo. The first stanza “Let us sing of the burning fagot a bundle of small wood lit by friendship / he who backs away from it knows her i.e. friendship only half-way / without her life is nothing / with her one is deified†could be understood as innocuous but the second stanza celebrates the joys of Déduit an archaic term for the pleasures of love or coïtus. Stanza three brings in Death in the form of Charon: “amiable fellow let us sing his good humor his boat may lead to the devil but his spirit leads to happiness / with his worthy ardor the fire burns in our hearts.†The last stanza declares that the “august fagotine law†allows us to include women we need not hide everyone kiss your partner etc. <br /> <br /> I locate one other example of this fan held by the Musée Carnavelet in Paris. It is digitized on their website with the description “The Genie of Friendship lights the pyre on which the couples will take the oath of friendship.†The stenciled border of our copy differs from that of the Carnavelet example which is in pink; here it is in two colors and includes two birds perched on branches. unknown
1684ABC_455011684. 14 256 34; 36 366 62 pp. Two of the most important pharmacological and chemical publications of the Leiden lecturer and future professor Jacobus Le Mort both in their second revised editions both first published in 1684.Jacob Le Mort 1650-1718 a Dutch chemist and physician was an apothecary in Amsterdam before he moved to Leiden to set up a private laboratory where he also lectured. After many difficulties and fierce opposition he was appointed professor of chemistry at Leiden University in 1702. He was the predecessor of the famous Boerhaave.Slightly browned back hinge and spine weak.l BMN I pp. 374 525; Hoogendoorn Mort03.2 Pharmacia; cf. Mort02.1: the 1684 Chymica; Lex. hervorr. Aerzte IV p. 289; NNBW I cols. 1345-1346. unknown
193532681New York: Dell Publishing Co. Inc. 1935. Mild tanning to text paper covers appear trimmed clear tape at upper and lower corners a bright nearly fine copy. 32681. Octavo single issue cover by Rudolph Zirm pictorial wrappers. Pulp magazine. Series character first appeared in All-Detective Magazine. "The Gray Creatures" by Harold Ward writing as "Zorro." Reference: Tymn and Ashley eds Science Fiction Fantasy and Weird Fiction Magazines pp. 186-87. Dell Publishing Co., Inc. unknown
51-4368Paris: La veuve Chéreau circa 1780. Suite of 24 engravings on laid paper. 13.3 x 21cm. sheet size.Reference: Charles Auffret Une Famille d'Artistes Brestois au xviiie siècle: Les Ozanne 1891 pp. 83-84 no. XV.XV. CAHIERS DE VINGT-QUATRE PLANCHES. Diverses manœuvres de vaisseaux dessinées au naturel par Ozanne l'aîné et gravées par Ozanne le cadet. 84 LES OZANNE A Paris chez la V ve Chéreau. — 2 cahiers de 24 pi. chaque. Voici la nomenclature de l'un d'eux : 1 2 3 : Vaisseaux mouillés. — 4 : Vaisseaux vent arrière. — 5 0 7 8 : Vaisseaux vent largue. — 9 10 il 12 : Vaisseaux au plus près. — 13 14 15 16 : Vaisseaux en panne. — 17 18 19 20 : Vaisseaux arrivant — 21 22 23 24 : Vaisseaux virant vent devant. Chaque série porte en outre A B C. Ces manœuvres ont été reproduites avec quelques variantes comme nous le verrons plus loin dans la description de l'œuvre de Pierre. .Pierre a beaucoup moins gravé que son frère et son burin a plutôt reproduit des œuvres de Nicolas ou de J. Vernet que les siennes propres. A en juger par les pièces qui nous ont passé sous les yeux il reproduisait mieux les petites scènes maritimes que les grands paysages : ainsi les cahiers de marine les manœuvres de petits vaisseaux d'après les dessins de son frère sont d'un trait fin délicat ; fidèle interprète de la manœuvre il ne lui sacrifie rien. Mais" dès qu'il aborde les planches de grandes dimensions ou elles restent inachevées en certains points ou bien la taille en est dure heurtée disons le mot médiocre.Le Gonaz est mort à Paris le 12 j uin 1816. De son mariage avecM“° Jeanne Ozanne il avait eu deux fils qui sont morts avant luietune filleMarie-Amelie née à Paris en 17 7 2 et mariée en 1794 à J . J .Coiny. Leur popostérité est éteinte. Expertise by Yves Salmon 56760 Pénestin France. Paris: La veuve Chéreau, circa 1780. unknown
2014110197Sterling. New. 2014. Hardcover. 1454907738 . FREE UPGRADE to Courier/Priority Shipping Upon Request - IN STOCK AND IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE FOR SHIPMENT - Flawless copy brand new pristine never opened - -- with a bonus offer-- . Sterling hardcover
199285632Gramercy Books. New. 1992. Hardcover. FREE UPGRADE to Courier/Priority Shipping Upon Request - IN STOCK AND IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE FOR SHIPMENT - Flawless copy brand new pristine never opened -- Corresponds to ASIN: B002ADLNEC. 192 pages many illustrations; 10 maps. -- with a bonus offer-- . Gramercy Books hardcover
2014110714Last Gasp. New. 2014. Hardcover. 0867198087 . FREE UPGRADE to Courier/Priority Shipping Upon Request - IN STOCK AND IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE FOR SHIPMENT - Flawless copy brand new pristine never opened - -- with a bonus offer-- . Last Gasp hardcover
200070834Rutledge Hill Press. New. 2000. Hardcover. 1558538178 . FREE UPGRADE to Courier/Priority Shipping Upon Request - IN STOCK AND IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE FOR SHIPMENT - Flawless copy brand new pristine never opened -- 196 pp. one foldout with 112 col. Ills. And 88 col. Reference ills. 31 x 24 cm. -- with a bonus offer-- . Rutledge Hill Press hardcover
307389New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1975. First Edition; First Printing. Hardcover. Very Good in a Very Good dust jacket. Very light laminate creasing on spine crown and rear panel bottom corner.; Signed by several cartoonists with multiple drawings.; 4to 11" - 13" tall. Charles Scribner's Sons hardcover
Elephant Folio - over 15" - 23" tall "This book is dedicated to Richard Avedon, Ara Gallant and Giorgio di Sant'Angelo". Volume cartonato, legatura editoriale in tela nera, titoli in bianco al dorso e al piatto anteriore, custodia editoriale, 136 pagine profusamente illustrate in nero e colori con immagini applicate. Esemplare in ottime condizioni. Testo in inglese - english text - box edition. SPEDIZIONE IN 24 ORE DALLA CONFERMA DELL'ORDINE.
in-8, pp.336, antiporta allegorico fig. inc.(il rame ricalca con fedeltà quello originale del 1765), alle p. 190 e 196 fregi silografici con colomba con scettro e palma. Legatura coeva in perg. rigida, titolo su tassello al dorso. Edizione rara, probabilmente successiva alla ''sesta'' di Parigi 1766. Seguono il testo di Beccaria altre opere tra cui il ''de tormentis'', anonimo ma da attribuire a Salv. Venturini; il ''meditazioni sulla felicità'' è di Pietro Verri e appare qui per la prima volta. Nel testo della ''Risposta'' contro i Facchinei (pp. 191-275) i rimandi alle pagine del Dei delitti sono aggiornati, così non fu necessario allegare in fine un ''Avvertimento''. Esempl. assai bello.. Firpo n.10, pp.473-476. Firpo, Beccaria, n. 13..
1688ABC_45531Leiden 1688. 8vo. Petrus vander Aa Contemporary vellum over boards title in ink on spine: Le Mort opera omnia. With a frontispiece engraved by Adriaan Schoonebeek with an allegorical scene above and an apothecary and others at work below originally dated 1684 changed to 1688 and Vander Aas herald angel device on title-page. 2 works in 1 volume. 14 256 34; 36 366 62 pp. Two of the most important pharmacological and chemical publications of the Leiden lecturer and future professor Jacobus Le Mort both in their second revised editions both first published in 1684.Jacob Le Mort 1650-1718 a Dutch chemist and physician was an apothecary in Amsterdam before he moved to Leiden to set up a private laboratory where he also lectured. After many difficulties and fierce opposition he was appointed professor of chemistry at Leiden University in 1702. He was the predecessor of the famous Boerhaave.Slightly browned back hinge and spine weak.l BMN I pp. 374 525; Hoogendoorn Mort03.2 Pharmacia; cf. Mort02.1: the 1684 Chymica; Lex. hervorr. Aerzte IV p. 289; NNBW I cols. 1345-1346. hardcover
19121000281AGWien, 1912. Öl auf Leinwand, signiert und datiert oben links 28. Sept. 1912, im originalen geschnitzten Rahmen. Rahmenformat 104 x 78 cm, *Thieme/Becker XXX, 224.- Wurzbach, Biogr: Lex. Öst. 31 (1876), 142.- [2 Warenabbildungen] sehr schöner Zustand,
1905053713Romania - : Carol I ALS / ADS. Dated 4th of July 1905 1905. No Binding. Very Good. Original manuscript and partly printed autograph document signed by The King of Romania Carol I a medal reward certificate given to Mustafa Hasim Pasha 1852-1920 with co-signatures by Ministrul Afacerilor Straine Cancelar al Ordinelor General de divizie Iacob N. Lahovary 1846-1907 and Sheful Serviciului A. M. Mitibieu . 34x22 cm. In Romanian. Bifolium. 1 p. Blind-stamped by Romanian royalty sign. "Carol I pringratia lui Dumnedeu si vointa nationala Rege al Romaniei. La toti de fata si viitori Sanatate. Dorind a da un semn de a Nostra buna vointa 'Excelentei Sale Hachim Pasa Ministrude Instructure publica al Turcici. Noi ii conferim gradul de Mare Cruce al Ordinului Steula Romaniei Spre credinta ii dam acest brevet semnat de Noi si investit cu sigiliul Ordinului Dat in Castelul Pelesh la 4 Julie 1905". i.e. Carol I the grace of God and the national will King of Romania. To all present and future Health. Wishing to give a sign of Our Goodwill to His Excellency Hachim Pasa Minister of Public Instruction of Turkey. We confer on him the rank of Grand Cross of the Order of the Steula of Romania. A good paper one page on bifolium. Carol I born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was the first monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914 ruling as Prince Domnitor from 1866 to 1881 and as King from 1881 to 1914. He was elected Prince of the Romanian United Principalities on 20 April 1866 after the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup d'etat. In May 1877 he proclaimed Romania an independent and sovereign nation. The defeat of the Ottoman Empire 1878 in the Russo-Turkish War secured Romanian independence and he was proclaimed King on 26 March O.S. 14 March 1881. He was the first ruler of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty which ruled the country until the proclamation of a socialist republic in 1947. During his reign Carol I personally led Romanian troops during the Russo-Turkish War and assumed command of the Russo/Romanian army during the siege of Plevna. The country achieved internationally recognized independence via the Treaty of Berlin 1878 and acquired Southern Dobruja from Bulgaria in 1913. Domestic political life was organized around the rival Liberal and Conservative parties. During Carol's reign Romania's industry and infrastructure were much improved but the country still had an agrarian-focused economy and the situation of the peasantry failed to improve leading to a major revolt bloodily suppressed by the authorities. He married Princess Elisabeth of Wied in Neuwied on 15 November 1869. They only had one daughter Maria who died at the age of three. Carol never produced a male heir leaving his elder brother Leopold next in line to the throne. In October 1880 Leopold renounced his right of succession in favour of his son William who in turn surrendered his claim six years later in favour of his younger brother the future king Ferdinand. Wikipedia. Mustafa Hasim Pasha 1852-1920 was one of the Ottoman grand viziers of Georgian origin. He was son of Sheik Al-Islam Ahmed Muhtar 1807-1882. He served as the President of the Court of Justice and the Undersecretariat of the Ministry of Justice. Iacob N. Lahovary was a member of the Romanian aristocracy a general politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of War and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Romania. <br/> <br/> Carol I ALS / ADS., Dated 4th of July, 1905 unknown
