Edouard Montet.Livre Rare Book
1 478 résultats
CZC-12481Envoi autographe de l'auteur " à Monsieur le professeur Delphin " Israël, origines du peuple Hébreu, l’exode en Égypte, les premiers conflits, les sacrifices - Islam; les confréries religieuses de l'Islam Marocain, le culte des Saints, les villes saintes... Très belle édition de 1917 des Études Orientales et Religieuses, mélanges publiés à l'occasion de la troisième année de professorat d'Edouard Montet. Préface de M. le Professeur Fulliquet. ouvrage académique qui rassemble les recherches et réflexions de l'auteur sur des thèmes liés aux cultures, religions et civilisations orientales. fort volume grand in8, 23x14cm, un peu sali en bordure de couverture, très bon état intérieur, 355pp. Paris ; Fischbacher, 1917 ref/14
New English Original bdg. HC. Roy. 8vo. (24 x17 cm). In English. [xLiv], 223 p., ills., in English; [+] 144 p. facsimile of the BEO 350 Protocol Register in Ottoman script. The BEO 350 protocol register edited here is part of the Sublime Porte Archives series of the Prime Ministry Ottoman State Archives in Istanbul. The register covers a number of ceremonies held on various occasions from 1736 to 1808 and primarily concerned with accession ceremonies, funerals and, most of all, the reception of envoys. This edition of the BEO 350 is accompanied by an introduction, a synoptic list of ceremonies, appendices, and indexes. The introduction examines various aspects of Ottoman ceremonies, particularly those of a diplomatic nature, and includes a section on the gifts and offerings exchanged by the Ottoman administration and foreign envoys. As briefly discussed in the introduction, ceremonies contribute, albeit modestly, to the validation of a regime's political legitimacy and to its smooth functioning. When trying to determine the relationship between ceremonial rites and political power, the lofty symbolism of ceremonies needs to be interpreted with great care. Thus, detailed descriptions such as those found in protocol registers are extremely valuable, indeed indispensable, for a solid interpretation.
New English Paperback. Pbo. 4to. (30 x 23 cm). In English and Turkish. 149 p., color ills. Contents: Orientalism in the 19th century and Turkey; Günsel Renda.; The Ottoman Court and sultanic portraiture; Erol Makzume.; Orientalist painters in the 19th century Ottoman Empire; Gulsen Sevinç Kaya. The painting purchased from Goupil's Art Gallery for the Dolmabahce Palace; Catalogue. Orientalists at the Ottoman Palace. = Osmanli Sarayi'nda oryantalistler. [Exhibition catalogue]. Dolmabahçe Palace Art Gallery; July 7 - September 10, 2006.
Very Good English Paperback. Large roy. 8vo. (25 x 18 cm). In English. [4], 233, [3] p., 24 numerous b/w plates. Proceedings of the Twenty Second Congress of Orientalists, Held in Istanbul, September 15th to 22nd, 1951. Vol. 1: General information on activities of the congress.
New English Paperback. Pbo. Roy. 8vo. (24 x 17 cm). In English and Turkish. 254 p., b/w and color ills. Images of Üsküdar from the past. The five star book.= Geçmisten Üsküdar suretleri. Besibiryerde. Compiling the visual odyssey of our beloved borough of Üsküdar, spanning 500 years from the 1420s up until the 1950s, "The golden city" album aims at presenting the pertinent documents of the historical heritage that Üsküdar possesses. The paintings, etchings, photographs, postcards, and maps incorporated into the book all function to adequately and efficiently reflect and convety a semblance of the likeness of the past times pertaining to the "Eternal city" Üsküdar (Scutari) the our present day, and carry them forward to to posterity. Each page of this book-album ensures the remembrance of an exalted glory and an enduring magnificence of the bygone epochs, and, in a sense, successfully attempts to recreate the memory of a living metropolis. Each visual element and image featuring in the album attests to a diverse and rich accumulation, amassed over hundreds of years, as this impressive and exhilarating pictoral feast defines the magical and enchanted atmosphere of Üsküdar, standing out prominently as a "Dreamland" or the "City of fairy-tales and fantasies. (From introduction).
New New Turkish Original bdg. Dust wrapper. 4to. (29 x 24 cm). In Turkish. 263 p., color and b/w ills. Osmanli'da harem ve cariyelik. 19. yüzyil. Odalisques and Harem in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century.
As New English Original bdg. In publisher's special slip-case. Mint. [178] p. Many color plates. Color ills. In English and Turkish text. 2000 copies were printed. Van kilims.= [Van kilimleri]. Edited by Soner Yalçin; Photography by Doganay Çevik; Translated by Hadiye Nugay.
New English Paperback. 4to. (29 x 24 cm). Edition in Turkish. 335 p., color ills. Turkish edition of this exhibition catalogue of "Ten thousand years of Iranian civilization, two thousand years of common heritage. [Exhibition catalogue]. Topkapi Palace Museum, Imperial Stables, December 2, 2009 - February 5, 2010." "The exhibition featured nearly 300 artifacts from Topkapi Palace Museum and National Museum of Iran as well as collections from Istanbul Archeology Museum, Sadberk Hanim Museum and the Military Museum of Istanbul. Within the scope of this exhibition, Turkey-Iran relations were assessed with references to political, economic and cultural contexts. This exhibition revealed collections pertaining to Iranian civilization which were not exhibited in Turkey ever before.".
New English Paperback. Pbo. 4to. (28 x 24 cm). 196 p. In Turkish and English. B/w and color ills. "Pera Museum in collaboration with the Amsterdam Museum is organizing an exhibition exploring the commencement of four hundred years of fruitful cooperation between Turkey and the Netherlands. It was on 14 March 1612 during the ruling of the Ottoman Empire that the first Ambassador of Dutch Republic, Cornelis Haga, arrived in Constantinople. The year 2012 marks the four hundredth year of this diplomatic relations. In collaboration with several other leading partners, including the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, Nationaal Archief in The Hague and Museum Boijmans van Beuningen in Rotterdam, the exhibition aims to spread knowledge about historical and contemporary links between Amsterdam and Istanbul. The exhibition explores the historical and contemporary relations between two world cities and through these cities, implicitly also the two countries. 'Pioneers' and 'image (-forming)' are among the prominent themes. The exhibition is not intended as a complete survey of four centuries of diplomatic ties, but rather provides an attractive insight into the historical ties between Amsterdam and Istanbul, from 1612 to the present day. The exhibition is historical and social in approach, yet it also features important art works as well. A key section of the exhibition is a reconstruction of the Levantse Handel (Levant Trade) chamber that was based in the Town Hall (Palace on Dam Square) from the early 17th to early 19th century. A detailed inventory exists of the paintings and charts that were displayed on the walls of this powerful commercial office in Amsterdam. Many of these items, including an extensive series of portraits by Vanmour, from the collection of Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum will also be exhibited".
New Turkish Paperback. 4to. (29 x 24 cm). Turkish Edition. 311 p., color and b/w ills. 17. yüzyil Avrupasinda Türk imaji. [Exhibition catalogue]. 12 Temmuz - 9 Ekim 2005, Sakip Sabanci Müzesi. 17. Yüzyil Avrupa'sinda Türk Imaji baslikli sergide, Sabanci Üniversitesi Sakip Sabanci Müzesi'nin daha önce gerçeklestirdigi Mediciler'den Savoylar'a Floransa Saraylarinda Osmanli Görkemi sergisinde oldugu gibi, Osmanli-Avrupa iliskileri, siyasi olaylarin sanata yansiyan izdüsümü irdelendi. Türk korkusunun büyük bir meraka dönüstügü, Türklere karsi savasan kesimlerin savas ertesi kendi yurtlarinda düsmanlarinin kiyafetine bürünerek yaptirdiklari portrelerin yayginligi, Osmanli topraklarina ait savas ganimeti, hediye veya ticaret yolu ile edinilmis malzemenin Avrupa sosyal yasaminda oynadigi önemli rol, tarihçi ve sosyal alandaki arastirmacilara öteden beri genis bir çalisma alani sunarken, müzecilere de belge degeri tasiyan büyük bir sanat eseri zenginligi getirmekteydi. Slovenya basta olmak üzere Orta Avrupa'daki çesitli Müze koleksiyonlari ile Ingiltere ve Türkiye'deki özel koleksiyonlardan derlenen 92 yagliboya portre, panorama ve gravürün yer aldigi sergi Credit Suisse'in katkilariyla düzenlendi.
New English Paperback. Pbo. Roy. 8vo. (24 x 17 cm). In English. 328 p. Historical image of the Turk in Europe: 15th century to the present. Political and civilisational aspects.
New English Original bdg. In publisher's special box. Folio. (33 x 29 cm). In English. 2 volumes set: (240 p., 5 unnumbered folded plates on pages; Second volume is a hard-case including two reprint panoramas and one reprint map: First panorama is a huge hand-coloured drawing shows Ottoman Palace across Sarayburnu; size 28x336 cm; Second panorama is a huge hand-coloured drawing shows Ottoman Palace across Sarayburnu again which is indicating Palace from a different angle; size 28x196 cm; and one map: 'Carta ufwer Orienten Med de Darom kring Grantzande Lander... (Turkey and its around map printed originally in early 18th century), descriptive text surrounding the map, size 65x85 cm. Cornelius Loos in the Ottoman world: Drawings for the King of Sweden, 1710-1711. [with] Panoramas & map [book]. Prep. by Lâle Uluç, David Jones, Klas Kronberg, Ersu Pekin. 2 volumes. [BOXED]. Cornelius Loos was one of the young military officers who followed Karl XII to the Ottoman Empire in 1709. From the royal headquarters in what is at present the republic of Moldova, Loos was sent to Istanbul on the King's orders in 1710. From there his journey was pursued by boat over the Mediterranean to Egypt and he returned by land through Jerusalem, Damascus, Aleppo, Konya and Izmir. Loos' mission was to make drawings of the "rarities and monuments" that he would encounter on his journey. Out of the drawings that have survived until today, one is from Palmyra, two from Rhodes and Bodrum and around forty aquarelle tush drawings from Istanbul. It is possible that part of the original drawings were destroyed in the "Skirmish at Bender" in 1713, while other works, due to various reasons, disappeared on their way to Sweden. The conserved drawings are kept at the Swedish National Museum and were exhibited there in 1985. (See catalogue titled "Cornelius Loos. Teckningar från en expedition till Främre Orienten 1719-1711", Stockholm, Nationalmuseum, 1985). The drawings represent a unique record of the urban landscape and the monuments in Istanbul in the early 18th century. The collection includes three great panoramas of the city seen from the Topkapi palace to the upper part of the Golden Horn. To the Loos paintings can be added the great Mecca painting brought to Sweden by Mikael Eneman and kept in the Uppsala University Library, and a small group of oil paintings brought back by Loos' travel companion Conrad Sparre, which are also kept in the art collection of Uppsala University. In addition there are travel accounts and correspondence from these journeys. (From the 'SRII's official site, Karin Adahl's project). "In January 1710 the Swedish king Charles XII, in exile in the Ottoman Empire, sent three of his officers on a journey from the royal camp near Bender in Moldova to travel to Constantinople and from there along the Eastern Mediterranean to Egypt. Their mission was 'to view the there existing rarities and monuments, to draw and to measure'. Cornelius Loos, one of the young officers, returned to his king in 1711 with more than 250 drawings. Only forty-nine, kept under the king's bed, survived a skirmish in the camp in 1713, the so called 'kalabalik' at Bender. King Charles had a vision to publish an encyclopaedic work about the Near East, a dream that was lost in the fire in the camp. The drawings were brought to Sweden when the king returned from the Ottoman Empire in 1714. He died in battle in Norway in 1718. Loos' drawings are unique documents of Constanttinople in the early 18th century, with large scale, detailed panoramas, important prospects of the interior of the Hagia Sophia and views from the Ottoman city. A big map is accompanied by minor drawings from the Black Sea, the Eastern Mediterranean and Egypt, as well as a spectacular set of water-colours of head dresses from the Ottoman world. The Loos collection of drawings is today kept in the National Museum in Stockholm.". Texts by Göran Baarnhielm, Ulla Ehrensvard, Nurhan Atasoy, Günsel Renda, Bo Lundstörm
New New English Original bdg. Dust wrapper. 4to. (30 x 24 cm). In English. 343 p., color and b/w ills. The Sultan's procession: The Swedish embassy to Sultan Mehmed IV in 1657-1658 and the Rålamb paintings. In 1657, King Charles X Gustaf of Sweden sent Claes Ralamb as an envoy to Sultan Mehmed IV's court. While he was there, Ralamb commissioned 20 large paintings in oil on canvas, depicting an imperial procession through Istanbul in September 1657, providing a revealing insight into the court of Sultan Mehmed IV in Ottoman Turkey. For the first time, Ralamb's paintings are published here in "The Sultan's Procession". This beautifully illustrated book - containing over 150 colour illustrations - comprehensively covers the full history of the paintings, including a technical analysis from the conservation of one of the paintings. The book also provides a full history of Claes Ralamb and his mission, including the political background of the Swedish embassy, Ralamb's biography and English translations of primary sources in Swedish and Turkish archives. Among the illustrations are over 100 watercolours of people in the Ottoman society from the costume album acquired by Ralamb in Istanbul. These unique Ralamb paintings provide a rare window into life at the Ottoman court in the 17th century.
New English Paperback. 4to. (28 x 23 cm). In English, French, and Turkish. 201 p., color ills. Landscapes of water from the Arkas Collection.= Paysages d'eaux de la Collection Arkas.= Arkas Kolekksiyonu'ndan su manzalari. [Exhibition catalogue]. 20 September - 29 December 2017. The paintings chosen for this exhibition emphasize the importance of landscape painting in the art of the Western world. This selection, dating from the first half of the 19th century to the second half of the 20th century, features some of the most prominent artists of European landscape painting. The 90 works from the Arkas Collection, most of which are being shown for the first time, illustrate the flourishing artistic scene that prevailed when Paris was the capital of art. The 19th century was one of innovations and revolutions, both historically and artistically. Landscape painting had begun to be recognized as an independent artistic genre in the first half of the 19th century. Until that period, artists preferred to paint in studios. Then, breaking with the strictures of academicism, they began to experiment with plein air (outdoor) painting. During this period, when art itself was being redefined, artistic movements were evolving according to the pictorial tradition. Nature was represented through diverse modes of expression and new artistic movements came into being, such as the Barbizon School, Impressionism, Symbolism, Post-Impressionism, Fauvism and Expressionism. Landscapes of Water "reflects" the historical evolution of the pictorial medium over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. Here you will find the remarkable works of Eugéne Boudin, Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, Maurice de Vlaminck, Francis Picabia, Henry Lebasque, and Hippolyte Camille Delpy, among others. They invite the viewer on a fabulous odyssey through diverse geographic areas, from the banks of the Seine and the Scottish lakes to the summits of the Alps, by way of the warm light of the Mediterranean, the North Sea and the rivers of Europe. 1000 copies were printed.
New English Original cloth bdg. by Legatoria Rigoldi SNC. Oblong folio. (36 x 47 cm). In English. 16, [1] p. text,1 full paged b/w map in text (Byzantivm nunc Constantinopolis), 8 folding color plts. of panoramic views made by Zacharias Wehme in 1582 from an album in the Sachsische Landesbibliothek Dresden (Mscr. J 2a). 1100 copies were printed in Italy. Numbered copy. 357/1100. Printed on handmade paper by Cartiere Enrico Magnani S.p.A. Preface.; Historical setting.; Images of Istanbul, I: A wedding procession. II: Entertainment in a Harem (women dancing and playing dance music). III: Ladies going to a bathhouse. IV: An imperial residence. V: Arrival of the Crimean Embassy. VI: Sultan embarking on a hunt. VII: Sultan going to Friday prayer. VIII: Procession of the Queen Mother. Images of imperial Istanbul. Facsimile Edition of eight panoramic views made by Zacharias Wehme in 1582 from an album in the Sachsische Landesbibliothek Dresden (Mscr. J 2a). Published by Ahmet Ertug. Photographic reproduction of originals by C. Hüttel. Translation of captions from German by Ali Özdamar.
Fine English Paperback. Pbo. Small 4to. (27 x 19 cm). In French. 76, [3] p., ills. Reprint of 1909 Edition. L'art Ottoman. Les peintres de Turquie.
New English Paperback. 4to. (28 x 24 cm). In English and Turkish. 229 p., color and b/w ills. The logbook of the Ottoman navy: Ships, legends, sailors.= Osmanli donanmasinin seyir defteri: Gemiler, efsaneler, denizciler. Ottoman Principality was introduced to the dark sea of the Middle Ages early in the 14 th century. The battles with the Venetians and the Genoese, conquests in Rumelia, and the establishment of the first shipyards all occurred during this period. As the conquest of Istanbul marked the end of the period of transition from Principality to Empire, the foundations of a strong navy that would unite the Mediterranean and the Black Sea over a political geography were laid. The power of the corsairs diminished by the end of the Renaissance; Barbaros Hayreddîn Pasha personified the golden age of Ottoman sea power. The discovery of the New World had instigated a revolution in the maritime world. Traditional Venetian galleys gave way to Spanish galleons and manpower was replaced by wind power. The Ottoman navy assumed a pioneering role in the process of modernization that extended from the 18 th to the 20 th century. Naval education in the Western sense, the implementation of new technologies and the organization of a modern fleet were all consequences of this period. Advancing from the galley to the battlecruiser, Ottoman sea power had the final say in the affairs of the Empire. "The Logbook of the Ottoman Navy: Ships, Legends, Sailors" exhibition intertwines three distinct, yet integrated mythologies of the sea. The imprint of the ships in Ottoman seafaring history, the battles they were engaged in and the heroes who became legendary in these battles assume their places on the stage of civilization in all their historic magnitude. At the center of the construct lies the extraordinary adventure of the transition from traditional to modern seafaring methods. The quest for power, the demolished thrones and man's identification of his fate with the sea is perhaps the oldest story behind this adventure. The cornerstones of a long history that extends from the legacy of a 16 th century Ottoman galley to the battlecruiser, Yavuz, is brought to light through the memories of seamen.
New New English Original bdg. Dust wrapper. 4to. (30 x 25 cm). In English and Turkish. 198, [4] p., 1 folding page of panoramic painting of Istanbul. Istanbul within the language of brushes.= Firçalarin diliyle Istanbul.
New Turkish Original bdg. HC. Large 8vo. (23 x 23 cm). Edition in Turkish. 156 p., color and b/w ills. Ayvazovski'nin Istanbul'u. Texts by Sinan Genim, Sergei Levandowskii, Gül Irepoglu, Tatyana Gayduk.
New English Paperback. Demy 8vo. (22 x 15 cm). In French and Turkish. Color and b/w ills. 84 p. Study of the painters and exhibitions of the Pera quarters. Peintres et expositions de Pera: 1845-1916.= Pera ressamlari-Pera sergileri. 1845-1916. [Exhibition catalogue]. Texts by Seza Sinanlar Uslu.
New English Paperback. Pbo. 4to. (28 x 24 cm). In English. 181 p., color and b/w ills. Since its earlier periods, The Ottoman Empire has established intense relations with European states. Urged by curiosity and a certain degree of fear at times, the West's efforts, on the other hand, to be acquainted with and understand this government of immense military power and source of political authority, emerged as a political exigency. Undoubtedly, the encounter of markedly different cultures bore the most enduring fruit within the realm of arts. Wars, the increase of trade as a means for mutual prosperity, and conflicts of status were the most significant factors behind the intense traffic of diplomacy. Sprawled across a vast geography, the Ottoman Empire welcomed more ambassadors than it sent to other countries, and particularly until the 19th century; these ambassadors were embraced, per Ottoman tradition. In turn, western ambassadors were prompted by the need to document the cities, particularly Istanbul, social structure, customs, administrative and military organization of the Ottoman Empire; apart from the reports they drafted upon their return, they also took advantage of the gifts and paintings they carried along. Often presumed to be true-to-life visual documents, such paintings thus became the most evident expressions of respectability and social status, and attained a special place and meaning, partly due to their potential to address the masses. The works that ambassadors commissioned to artists they added to their retinue en route to the East or to their local counterparts they encountered during service, evolved into books with engravings or collections decorating the walls of European chateaus, and served as source material for works by other artists, thus generating a large visual repertoire on the Ottoman world. Ottoman ambassadors sent to European countries were subjects of monumental portraits painted by leading European artists of the period, immortalizing these historic visits. This selection from the Suna and Inan Kiraç Foundation Orientalist Painting Collection, not only allows us to travel across the meandering paths of diplomatic history under the guidance of art, but it also introduces us to intriguing personalities. Ambassadors and painters continue to communicate with us through a silent yet equally rich and colourful language of expression, presented in their reports and letters, and share with us their respective periods, worldviews, travels and experiences, as well as the ceremonies they joined. Listening to their extraordinary tales, it is impossible not to be enraptured by the splendor and elegance of a lost age. Often used as one of the clearest indications of status and identity in western art since Antiquity, portraits also served a similar purpose for ambassadors. Furthermore, documenting the physiognomy of ambassadors through portraiture was also regarded as a precautionary measure against espionage. Portraits were painted of European ambassadors sent to the Ottoman Empire as high-level officials that have attained great respectability; artists to which these portraits were commissioned strived to reflect not only the physiognomy of the ambassadors, but the power and authority of the state and the ruler they represented. The Ottoman State's political, military, commercial, and cultural relations with European states gained momentum from the 18th century onwards. In turn, the visits Ottoman ambassadors paid to western countries accelerated the spread of the Turquerie fashion of the period. While portraits of Ottoman ambassadors painted by renowned artists of the countries to which they were assigned served to honor the Ottoman Sultan and his representative, they also nurtured the West's penchant for exoticism. There is no doubt that the ever-changing trends, fashions, as well as the purpose of diplomatic visits and political relations were reflected in the portraits. For example, while Kozbekçi M
New English Paperback. Large 8vo. (23 x 23 cm). In English and Turkish. 113 p., color and b/w ills., 2 folding plates, (400 x 20 cm. and 174 x 20 cm.). Long stories: Istanbul in the panoramas of Melling and Dunn.= Uzun öyküler: Melling ve Dunn'in panoramalarinda Istanbul. [In special case]. Long stories opened a visual window to the city of emperors and sultans, a micro-level study of history that focused on the historical topography of the city. The exhibition was curated by Ekrem Isin with M. Baha Tanman acting as project consultant. ??Panoramas constitute the visual narratives of a city. Emperors and sultans cast their shadows in the images stretching before our eyes; the symbols of power piercing the sky are surrounded by the cultural texture of daily life, as well as the city's architectural composition and nature. The raison d'être of a panorama is to bear witness to the urban image that appears as a protagonist on the stage of history, set against the civilizational décor that the eye perceives at first sight. Long Stories: Istanbul in the Panoramas of Melling and Dunn was not only a visual feast, but also a historical survey, which compelled viewers to reconsider the identity of a city that left its mark on the art of panoramic engraving.
New English Paperback. 4to. (29 x 24 cm). Edition in English. 335 p., color ills. Ten thousand years of Iranian civilization, two thousand years of common heritage. [Exhibition catalogue]. Topkapi Palace Museum, Imperial Stables, December 2, 2009 - February 5, 2010. "The exhibition featured nearly 300 artifacts from Topkapi Palace Museum and National Museum of Iran as well as collections from Istanbul Archeology Museum, Sadberk Hanim Museum and the Military Museum of Istanbul. Within the scope of this exhibition, Turkey-Iran relations were assessed with references to political, economic and cultural contexts. This exhibition revealed collections pertaining to Iranian civilization which were not exhibited in Turkey ever before.".
New English Paperback. 4to. (26 x 20 cm). In English. 275, [1] p., fully color and b/ ills. Consuming the orient. From travel posters to cigarette packs, from postcards to ornaments, from advertisements to comic strips, the Orient has often been turned by the West into yet another commodity for mass consumption. A closer look at the way in which the Orient was represented in Western consumer societies reveals a number of images and stereotypes revolving around four major themes: exoticism, ethnography, eroticism, and history. From the late nineteenth century to our times, these images have greatly evolved, from rough clichés to more neutral visions. Nevertheless, the attraction exerted by the Orient on the greater public continues unabated, even in Turkey, where almost two centuries of Westernization has ended up creating the very particular phenomenon of "Oriental Orientalism". OTTOMANIA Social history Travel Voyage Orient Collection Objects History of the art Eastern culture Levant Graphic arts Orientalism Constantinople - Istanbul - Konstantinopel.
Very Good English Paperback. Pbo. Roy. 8vo. (24 x 17 cm). In French. [viii], 123 p., b/w portraits. Catalogue de fonds de la Librairies Orientale E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1683-1948. Offert aux membres du XXIe Congres International des Orientalistes a Paris, 23-31 Juillet, 1948.