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In-folio (mm 298 195). Carte [250], con la prima bianca; [52]. Collazione: a-G8 H10 i-U8 x10 A8 B12 C-I8; AA-DD8 EE FF10. Spazio delle iniziali vuoto con suggerimento di lettere. Carattero romani (R 94) su 55 righe. Copia con ampie ma leggere macchie di umidità alle pagine iniziali, alcune più marginali alla fine. Legatura in pelle coeva su tavole di legno, con motivi arabeschi impressi sui piatti, dorso con titolo manoscritto su carta; con difetti. Ex-dono del XVI secolo sulla pagina del titolo, alcune glosse dalla stessa mano nel testo.
Signed and inscribed by author upon front free endpaper to Swedish journalist Arvid Fredborg, dated 1982 in Berlin. 570 pages. A National Review Panel ranked this work as the ninth best non-fiction book of the twentieth century. "A positive statement of the principles of society that in scope and breadth is more like a new Wealth of Nations... A thorough exposition of a social philosophy which ranges from ethics and anthropology through jurisprudence and the history of ideas to the economics of the modern welfare state." - Publisher. Moderate wear to clean and unmarked book. Binding sound. Dust jacket in poor condition with numerous defects.. Book
Very Good Arabic Original autograph document/letter sealed by Ahmad I of Tunisia. 54x42 cm. 1 p. 6 long lines. The letter includes full of poetic praise. It must be sent after successful diplomatic intercourse with Naples. Ferdinand II (Ferdinando Carlo) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1830 until his early death in 1859. It starts with 'Thank God alone', and goes on 'From poor Ahmad Pasha to Lord Almighty Field Marshal Amîr [ruler]. Sealed by the seal of Ahmad Basha Beg including an impressive qasidah in Arabic. Ahmed I (ibn Mustafa), born 2 December 1805 in Tunis died May 1855 at La Goulette, was the tenth Husainid Bey of Tunis, ruling from 1837 until his death. He was responsible for the abolition of slavery in Tunisia in 1846. He succeeded his father Mustafa Bey on 10 October 1837. He had grand ambitions - to expand his army and create a modern navy; to build a new royal residence, a mint and modern institutions of education but neither he nor his brother-in-law the young Mustapha Khaznadar who served as his finance minister, had a clear idea of what such initiatives would cost. As a result, many of his projects became expensive failures which damaged the financial health of the country. Soon after his accession, Ahmad Bey received the traditional Firman from the Sublime Porte which formally invested him with authority to rule from the Ottoman Empire and furnished him with the insignia of office. The Ottoman envoy, Osman Bey, arrived in la Goulette on 15 May 1838 onboard a frigate. The following day, Osman Bey made his official entry into Tunis on horseback, preceded by all the ministers of the beylical cabinet who went before him until he was two leagues from the city. Before he were carried the sword of honor and the caftan to be presented to the Bey. He was escorted by spahis and followed by a large contingent of regular troops an Arab cavalry. Three days after his official entry into the city, the envoy presented himself at the Bardo Palace to formally invest Ahmad Bey with his insignia of office and present gifts. Named as a Divisional General in the Ottoman army in May 1838, he was later promoted by the Sultan to the rank of Marshal on 14 August 1840. This was the first time that a Bey of Tunis had held a rank higher than Divisional General. The purpose of these honors was to emphasize the supremacy of the Ottoman Empire over the Regency of Tunis. Under a treaty with France signed in 1830 by Hussein Bey, a piece of land in Carthage had been ceded to allow the erection of a monument to Louis IX of France who had died there during the Eighth Crusade. On 25 August 1840, the first stone was laid in the cathedral of Carthage. Ahmad Bey also permitted the Christian community of Tunis, consisting mainly of European merchants, to enlarge their small church near the Bab el Bhar. In June and July 1846 the Duke of Montpensier, son of King Louis Philippe of France visited Tunis and Carthage. He was received with great solemnity by Ahmad Bey. According to the Tunisian historian Mohamed Bayram V, Bey's reforms were focused on state structures, the army, and education. He established a modern structure of government and gave his high officials the title of 'minister'. His senior ministers were his Grand Vizier Mustafa Sahib at-Taba'a, Mustapha Khaznadar, Minister of Finance and of the Interior, Mustafa Agha as Minister of War, Mahmoud Khodja as Minister of the Navy and Giuseppe Raffo as Foreign Minister. At certain times Mahmoud Ben Ayed also served as Trade Minister, Kuchuk Muhammad in the honorific post of Minister in charge of the security home of Ahmad Bey's reforms wasted money, such as the large frigate built at La Goulette that could not make it through the channel to the sea. of Tunis and Mohamed Lasram IV as Minister of the Pen. The historian Ibn Abi Dhiaf was the Bey's private secretary. Among Ahmad Bey's successes may be counted as the abolition of slavery in January 1846. To this may be added the formation of the military academy at...
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript paper. Double elephant folio. (79 x 58 cm). In Ottoman script. Hegira: [1]233-[1]234 = Gregorian: 1818. Burdurlu Dervish Mehmed Pasha, who was grand vizier held office under Mahmud II between the years of 1818-1820. Dervis Mehmed Pasa had gained a reputation among the 'vüzerâ' (Grand-viziers) would be the grand vizier as previously planned by Sultan Mahmud II according the 19th-century historian of Sânîzâde. He dealt with like cases the Aleppo revolution, confusions in Diyarbekir and Çildir, conquest of the Castle of Dir'iye, the center of the Wahhabis by Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Kavalali Mehmed Ali Pasha, the governor of Egypt and confusions in Sivas city. (Türkiye Diyanet Vakfi Islâm Ansiklopedisi). Buyuruldu (or Buyrultu, Buyurildi, Buyurdu etc.) is the order of an Ottoman grand vizier, vizier, beglerbegi , defterdâr , or other high official to a subordinate. The term is derived from the word 'buyuruldi', it has been ordered, in which the order usually ends and which gradually developed into a conventional sign. Buyuruldus are of two main types: a) decisions written in the margin (der kenâr) of an incoming petition or report, often ordering that a fermân (firman) (or berât , etc.) be issued to a certain effect... (Brill, Encyclopedia of Islam). "Menzils" were early post organization in the Ottoman Empire before Reform period. In the Ottoman Empire, every 35 kilometers - the distance one could travel in a day - on the main roads, there were buildings called "menzil" or "menzilhane" (destination, post station). Surrounded by walls, these yards had a hostelry, barn, market, bath and restaurant. Hosted at the complex for free, travelers shopped, took baths and fed their animals and continued their journeys the following day. At the complex, officials - registered and paid by the state - served the guests. Within time, menzils turned into bazaars where locals sold their products. Then, villages and towns started pop up around them. Commodities needed by the army for expeditions were preserved at menzils and soldiers were accommodated at these facilities if needed during expeditions. Mailmen operating between two faraway destinations changed their horses with those waiting at menzils and went on their route without losing time. (Source: Ekrem Bugra Ekinci). This huge sized budget paper (defter) written on paper with 'ahar'. Used black and red inks. It's written from Harmancik qaza (district) in Bursa vilayet (city) and sent to court of Istanbul for grand vizier confirmation. It's a budget defter of Harmancik 'menzil'. Apprx. 250-300 articles (registers) in notes as expenses like Tatar postmans, horses, Kütahya beglerbegi (beylerbeyi), qadis (judges) and other ones. At the end of registers, there is qadi signature (seal), qadi's name is Mehmed es-Seyyid Samed (?). He was probably Turkish judge in its period in that menzil of Bursa, Harmancik. Budget registers start as '[1]233 senesi Saban-i Muazzama'nin gurresinden [1]234 senesinin Saban-i Serif'inin menzil kuyudu'. Registers had been sent to the Ottoman court for approval from Bursa to Istanbul. Grand vizier's hand writing is in 'diwanî' script. An extremely rare autograph manuscript about the earliest postal history as well.
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript autograph handwritten document sealed 'Hüsrev Mehmed' sent to (and responded by) Serkâtib Mustafa. Written in special paper with 'ahar'. 39x21 cm. In Ottoman script. Slightly tear on folded place and slightly stains. Otherwise a very good manuscript paper. The document was written in accordance with the Ottoman state correspondence tradition prior to modernization. However, it is an indication of modernization that it is written to the serkâtib of Humâyûn (head clerk of the Ottoman / Turkish court) and not to the Sultan directly. The importance of this document is that it has many hints of modernization movements of the last period of Empire, depiction of the division of the first modern Ottoman army (Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye) that's before one year of Egyptian Campaign by Koca Husrev Pasha and before eight years of proclamation of Reform (Tanzimat) and after only 22 years of Turkish Magna Carta (Sened-i Ittifak). Husrev Pasha was 'serasker' (commandant and head) of Assakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye Army in that year. Husrev's text starts as 'Devletlü, inayetlü, atufetlü, oglum.." in 'Elqab'. In the Ottoman diplomacy, first person who used 'oglum' [i.e. my son] in elqab of the documents was Koca Hüsrev Pasha. (Source: Osmanli Arsiv Belgeleri, Orhan Sakin). Koca Hüsrev Pasha (Khosrew Pasha) was an Ottoman Kapudan Pasha ("Grand Admiral") of the Ottoman Navy and statesman who reached the position of Grand Vizier rather late in his career, between 2 July 1839 and 8 June 1840 in the reign of Abdülmecid I. However, during the 1820s, he occupied key administrative roles in the fight against regional warlords, the reformation of the army, and the reformation of Turkish attire. In 1801, Hüsrev Pasha commanded the 6,000 Ottoman troops who assisted the British in removing the French from Rashid (Rosetta). For this, he was made governor of Egypt Eyalet (province), in which position he was charged with assisting Hüseyin Pasha in the killing or imprisoning the surviving leaders of the Mamluks. Many of these were freed by or fled with the British, while others held Minia between Upper and Lower Egypt. [.] He was later made governor again by Muhammad Ali for 2 days [.] After Diyarbekir and Salonica, in 1806 he was governor of Bosnia Eyalet, before being reappointed as governor of Salonica in 1808. Hüsrev Pasha held the rank of Kapudan Pasha of the Ottoman Navy from 1811 to 1818. He was then appointed governor of the Eyalet of Trabzon twice, during which time he conducted for the Black Sea region of Turkey the struggle the central Ottoman state was waging against local feudal rulers (Derebeys). During the Greek War of Independence, he was appointed Kapudan Pasha again in the end of 1822. In 1826, Husrev Pasha played vital roles both in the Auspicious Incident (the annihilation of the Janissary Corps in 1826) and in the formation of the new "Mansure Army" modeled after those of European Powers. Appointed as seraskier (commander the army) of the Mansure in May 1827, Husrev reformed and disciplined the corps. Himself ignorant of modern military methods, he assembled a staff of foreign experts and other personnel to assist him, the "Seraskeriye", which constituted the first staff in Ottoman history. Due to his early championing of military reform and virtual control over the new Ottoman army, Husrev was able to install many of his protégés in senior military positions. Husrev Pasha was also instrumental for the near-abandonment of the turban and the adoption of the fez as a universal headgear for Muslim men of the Ottoman Empire (excluding the religious classes) under Sultan Mahmud II. (Wikipedia). Möltke talks about him in famous book includes his personal letters as 'he is more powerful than sultan'. Following the suppression of the Janissaries in 1826, Sultan Mahmud II transferred the functions of the old Agha of the Janissaries to the seraskier.
Very Good Russian Original dark green cloth bdg. Oblong folio. (28 x 36 cm). Eight languages of the title on the colophon, the text is completely Russian. [6], [ii], 108 p., [36] maps in various sizes, some of folded: (62x47 cm, 52,5x45,5 cm, 49,5x27 cm [x3], 61x47 cm; other maps are 36x28 cm). Four unnumbered leaves with half-title and contents for each section. Two small millimetric cuttings on two text pages. Ex-owner's name is on the title page. Markings on the index. Otherwise a very good and clean copy. Rare complete and the first atlas including a fine collection of 36 attractive chromo-lithograph maps mostly with tissue papers of the Soviet Union, edited by the Central Executive Committee and Enukidze (1877-1937), who was a prominent Georgian "Old Bolshevik". One of 11000 copies. Being published only 10 years after the USSR was established, this is the earliest atlas of the country. It seems to have been published with a wider audience in mind, with a title page in various European languages. The borders of many areas -including not just administrative regions throughout the USSR, but also entire autonomous republics (especially in Central Asia)- were in a state of flux; as such, the borders in this Atlas (including the wax-paper overlays meant to update various maps with changes made between when they were drawn and when the Atlas was published) often don't look anything like the borders they were set at the end of the Soviet Union and have continued on to modern times. Since the boundaries were often ideologically- (sometimes ethnically-, less so economically-) motivated, this offers an interesting insight into the mindset of the administration that was making these changes. Map list: World map, General USSR, USSR in Europe, Asia and USSR, Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast, Avt, Votskaya Oblast, Maryinskaya, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Avt. Chuvashskaya SSR (Chuvashia), Avt. Tatarskaya SSR (Tatarstan), Avt. Bashkirskaya SSR (Bashkiria), ASSR Nemchev Povoljiya, Kalmykia (Kalmykia), Krimskaya SSR (Crimea), Adigeiskaya (Tscherkeskaya) Obl. (Cherkesia), Kabardino-Balkarskaya Avt. Obl. (Kabardino-Balkarian Rep.), Karachayskaya Avt. Obl. & Tscherkesskiy Nation. Okrug (Karachay-Cherkessia), Chechenskaya Avt. Obl. (Chechnya), Ingushetiya, Severo-Osetiya, Avt. Daghestanskaya SSR, Avt. Kazakskaya SSR, Kyrgyzkaya ASSR, Avt. Oiuratskaya Oblast, Burito - Mongolskaya SSR (Kazakhstan), Avt. Yakustkaya SSR (Yakutia), Beloruskaya SSR (Belarus), Ukrainskaya, SSR (Ukraine), Moldavskaya SSR (Moldovia), Zakavkazkaya SSR (Abkhazia), Azerbaijanskaya SSR (Azerbaijan), Arminskaya SSR (Armenia), SSR Gruzii (Georgia), Central Asian SSR (Karakalpakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan. OCLC shows copies in twenty-three libraries worldwide: 7852120, 968755133, and 822577467.
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original quarter black leather. Ottoman title-lettered gilt on the spine with decorative elements in compartments. Demy 8vo. (22 x 14 cm). In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters). 459 p., 32 woodcut plates with tissue papers and a folding color map of Khiva calligraphed by Mehmed Vasfi. AH 1292 = Gregorian: 1875. Extremely rare first Turkish edition of this richly illustrated eye-witness travel account of the 1873 Russo-Khivan war and the fall of the Khivan Khanate, by the American war correspondent MacGahan (1844-1878), which was first published in New York in 1874 as "Campaigning on the Oxus and the fall of Khiva", translated by Ahmed Sükrü (?-1876-77) who was the first Postmaster General. After a daring journey through the Kyzil Kum desert, McGahan joined von Kaufmann's army on the banks of the Amu-Darya, shortly before the fall of Khiva. Interesting and lively report with a description of Kazakh- (systematically called "Kirghiz", following the confusing habit of Russian historians) and Yomud Turkmen nomads, as well as of the settled Uzbek, Sart - and enslaved Persians of the Khanate. Probably one of the most complete and objective descriptions of the fall of the Khivan Khanate to three Russian columns which reach it from North and from East, after difficulties due to the climate and the huge distances. The young American makes many friends with Russian officers and gets a lot of information directly from the horse's mouth. There is also a well-documented report about previous Russian attempts to conquer Khiva, which all turned into disasters. The rather civilized behavior of the Russian army with the vanquished Khivans contrasts very much with their cruel and unfair treatment of the brave Yomud nomads, who offer only serious military opposition despite their heavy losses. The Khivan oasis is described as being very fertile and outstandingly well-cultivated. While Mac Gahan is impressed by the beautiful gardens and orchards of the Khanate, he is disappointed by the city of Khiva, the capital, the main residence of its ruler, and the second largest city of the Khanate. Even the Khan's palace (in which he is allowed to spend a few days by the Russian authorities) is disappointing. He visits the treasury room of the palace, in which the fleeing Khan left most of his possessions. He also left his whole harem behind, in his precipitous escape. The text is illustrated with numerous engravings from original designs and paintings by artists (and Russian officers), like Vereschagin and Feodoroff, and enriched with a great number of anecdotes. MacGahan was an American journalist and war correspondent working for the New York Herald and the London Daily News. His articles describing the massacre of Bulgarian civilians by Turkish soldiers and irregular volunteers in 1876 created public outrage in Europe and were a major factor in preventing Britain from supporting Turkey in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, which led to Bulgaria gaining independence from the Ottoman Empire. He learned in 1873 that Russia was planning to invade the khanate of Khiva, in Central Asia. Defying a Russian ban on foreign correspondents, he crossed the Kyzyl-Kum desert on horseback and witnessed the surrender of the city of Khiva to the Russian Army. There he met a Russian Lieutenant Colonel, Mikhail Skobelev, who later became famous as a Russian commander during the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-78. In 1874 he spent ten months in Spain, covering the Third Carlist War. In 1875, he voyaged with British explorer Sir Allan William Young on his steam yacht HMS Pandora on an expedition to try to find the Northwest Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The expedition got as far as Peel Sound in the Canadian Arctic before it met pack ice and was forced to return. OCLC 1014870496.; Özege 7682.; Atabey 744 (Ed. in English).
Very Good English In contemporary full black leather bound. 4to. (28 x 20 cm). In Ottoman script. 627 p. 10 maps. Light wear on cover edge. Limited and special edition printed for members of the Republic of Turkey parliament. (Protocol copy). Cover and 10 maps was printed separately in Vienna by Ahmed Ihsan. Framed, illustrated and with maps edition (luxury paper) for protocol. Famous speech of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, (1881-1938). Extremely rare. Özege: 15583. 1000 copies were printed.
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Full leather new bdg. Original illustrated cover saved inside. Roy. 8vo. (24 x 17 cm). In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters). [12], 166, [2] p., b/w and color plates of Ottoman warships and scenes from naval wars, seven maps of the earliest examples of Ottoman cartography. Very rare second edition of this book on the history of Ottoman naval wars against Venetians began with the Crete campaign (War of Candia) in 1645 and lasted for years until 1656. The book was published first in 1729 in Müteferrika Printing House which was the first printing house in the Islamic world as the third printed book. This is the second edition including five maps of almost the same size (two paged) titled world map, The Mediterranean, The Archipelago (Aegean), The Adriatic Sea, and the compass-like in its first edition as well as two maps and twenty-six plates (some of them are color) and small illustrations of Ottoman ships as head of some carriage returns. Additional maps depict the city of Venice (from Kitab-i Bahriye [i.e. Book of Navigation) and the travels of Ottoman Admiral Sidi Ali Reis through the Sea of Oman. The Cretan War or the Fifth Ottoman-Venetian War, was a conflict between the Republic of Venice and her allies (chief among them the Knights of Malta, the Papal States, and France) against the Ottoman Empire and the Barbary States because it was largely fought over the island of Crete, Venice's largest and richest overseas possession. This account of Ottoman maritime warfare in Turkish, written in Safer 1067/November 1656. This date places the book in a moment of utmost danger for the Ottoman capital following the defeat of the Ottoman navy at the hands of the Venetians at the Dardanelles (4 Ramadan 1066/26 June 1656) and the subsequent loss of the islands of Lemnos and Tenedos. It is also written shortly after the appointment of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha as grand vizier (25 Dhulqada 1066/14 September 1656). Thus it is suggested to read it as a program of reform of the navy intended for a person whom Hadji Khalfa might have seen as the "man of the sword" who might revert the fate of the Empire. Of the four ulemâ [i.e. scholars] who wrote endorsements for the book, two are closely related to the Köprülü family. The first part is a history of Ottoman maritime campaigns from the beginning to 1067/1656, while the second is a systematic description of naval affairs, from administration and offices to shipbuilding, culminating in a list of 40 suggestions for the organization and strategy of the Ottoman navy, including the use of recent scientific and technological innovations. Thus the juxtaposition with history provides an argument for reform. Suggestions are largely centered around the traditional qanun-i qadim; there is no reference to high-board ships. The final pages include an important discussion of historical causality, explaining how divine omnipotence creates the consequence of historical causes, in reward for the righteous rule, or punishment of injustice. (Source: Ottomanhistorians). Özege 21273.
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original handsome brown quarter leather binding with Ottoman lettered gilt to spine. Five raised bands to spine, separated from each other with lined gilt. Slight stains on the title page. Else a fine copy. Roy. 8vo. (23 x 16 cm). In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters). 99 p. Hegira: 1313 = Gregorian: 1895. Extremely rare first printed edition of this one of the earliest travel accounts, of an Ottoman admiral's early expeditions to the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Red Sea, and Persian Gulf to counter Portuguese piracy and attacks on Muslim pilgrim ships, which describes the lands he has seen during his voyage from India to Constantinople by Sidi (Seydi) Ali Reis (1498-1563) sent by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent covering the years 1553-1556. During these naval wars, after two marine battles against the Portuguese fleet and a great storm named The Elephant Typhoon (Tufan-i Fil) by the locals, Reis' remaining six galleys drifted to India. The fleet was unserviceable, resulting in his return home overland with 50 men. Reis then arrived at the royal court of the Mughal Emperor Humayun in Delhi, where he met the future Mughal emperor Akbar, who was twelve years old at the time. He returned to the Ottoman Land over Muslim states in South Asia; Afghanistan, Central Asia, and Iran. But he delayed his return because of the war between the Ottoman and the Safavid Empires in Iran. Finally, following the treaty of Amasya in 1555, he was able to return home and present his book of this narrative journey to the Sultan in 1557. This work offers an extensive insight into the Muslim situation in 16th century South and Central Asia and the Middle East, Islamic navigation, and Turkish - Portuguese relations as well as Persian, Afghan, and Indian geography, naval routes, flora, and fauna. Seydi Ali Reis, formerly also written Sidi Ali Reis and Sidi Ali Ben Hossein, was an Ottoman admiral and navigator. Known also as Katib-i Rumi, Galatali, or Sidi Ali Çelebi, he commanded the left wing of the Ottoman fleet at the naval Battle of Preveza in 1538. He was later promoted to the rank of fleet admiral of the Ottoman fleet in the Indian Ocean, and as such, encountered the Portuguese forces based in the Indian city of Goa on several occasions in 1554. Seydi was able to unite several Muslim countries on the coast of the Arabian Sea (such as the Makran Kingdom, Gujarat Sultanate, and Adal Sultanate) against the Portuguese. He is famous today for his books of travel such as the Mir'ât ül Memâlik [i.e. The Mirror of Countries], and his books of navigation and astronomy, such as the Mir'ât-i Kâinât (Mirror of the Universe) and the Kitâb ül Muhit: El Muhit fî Ilmi'l Eflâk ve'l Buhûr [i.e. Book of the Regional Seas and the Science of Astronomy and Navigation] which contain information on navigation techniques, methods of determining direction, calculating time, using the compass, information on stars, sun and moon calendars, wind and sea currents, as well as portolan information regarding the ports, harbours, coastal settlements and islands in the various regions of the Ottoman Empire. His books are translated into numerous languages including English, French, Italian, German, Greek, Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Russian, and Bengali, and are considered among the finest literary works dating from the Ottoman period. "When Sultan Suleiman had taken up his winter residence in Aleppo, I, the author of these pages, was appointed to the Admiralship of the Egyptian fleet and received instructions to fetch back to Egypt the ships (15 galleys), which some time ago had been sent to Basrah on the Persian Gulf. But, 'Man proposes, God disposes.' I was unable to carry out my mission, and as I realized the impossibility of returning by water, I resolved to go back to Turkey by the overland route, accompanied by a few tried and faithful Egyptian soldiers. I traveled through Gujarat, Hind, Sind, Balkh, Zabulistan, Bedakhshan, Khotlan, Turan, and Iran
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Fine brown quarter leather bdg., brown boards with decorative embossing. Roy. 8vo. (24 x 17 cm). In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic script). 176 p., 33 unnumbered b/w plates of views of the Middle Eastern cities, Kaiser and queen's portraits, ills. of their maritime voyages, a general view of Beirut, a panorama of Jerusalem (in two pages), The Government House and Lake Tiberia in Beirut, a general view of Jaffa, churches and castles and Masjid-i Aksa of Jerusalem, Idlib, the interior of the Umayyad Mosque in Jerusalem, The Government House of Jaffa, Beirut - Damascus railways, street views and architectural buildings from Damascus, the market place of Jaffa, Bethlehem and the church, views of Trablus-Sam [i.e. Tripolis], ruins of Baalbek, and other numerous b/w photos, published for only this book. Slight stains on pages, a modern repair on a leaf with tape, otherwise a very good copy. Bound together with "Eski Sevda" which is a compilation of Turkish tales. First and only edition of this richly illustrated scarce and uncommon book was printed for the German Emperor Wilhelm II and his wife Augusta Victoria, the commemoration of the construction of Alman Çesmesi [i.e. German Fountain] in Constantinople, and the first anniversary of the Wilhelm II's travel to the Ottoman Empire in 1898. The fountain's design was drawn by the architect Spitta and constructed by the architect Schoele with the German architect Carlitzik and Italian architect Joseph Anthony, working on the project. The fountain was built in Germany and then transported piece by piece to Istanbul, reassembled in its current site, and officially opened on January 27, 1901, on the birthday of German Emperor Wilhelm II. Wilhelm II's voyage to the Levant in 1898 was a state visit that the German Emperor undertook in the Ottoman Empire between 25 October and 12 November 1898. The Kaiser started his journey to the Ottoman Eyalets with Istanbul on 16 October 1898; then he went by yacht to Haifa on 25 October. After visiting Jerusalem and Bethlehem, the Kaiser went back to Jaffa to embark on Beirut, where he took the train passing Aley and Zahlé to reach Damascus on 7 November. This book is richly illustrated including many views of the cities of this voyage's destinations like Jerusalem, Damascus, Beirut (Beirut), Jafa, Baalbek, etc. On 10 November, Wilhelm went to visit Baalbek before heading to Beirut to board his ship back home on 12 November. His visit spurred interest in the German Templer colonies in Palestine. One of the Kaiser's traveling companions, Colonel Joseph von Ellrichshausen, initiated the formation of a society for the advancement of the German settlements in Palestine, named the Gesellschaft Zur Förderung der Deutschen Ansiedlungen in Palästina, in Stuttgart. It enabled the settlers to acquire land for new settlements by offering them low-interest loans. A subsequent second wave of German settlers founded Wilhelma (named after the Kaiser, now called Bnei Atarot) in 1902 near Lod, Walhalla (1903) near the original Jaffa colony, followed by Bethlehem of Galilee (1906). The German Settlement Society successfully encouraged some of the Templars to return to the official, national Protestant Church. The non-Templar colony of Waldheim (now Alonei Abba) was subsequently founded next to Bethlehem of Galilee in 1907 by proselytized Templers now affiliated with the Old-Prussian State Church. The visit resulted in the highest-profile political event in the life of Theodor Herzl, considered the founder of Zionism. Through the efforts of William Hechler, via Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden, Herzl publicly met Wilhelm II three times during the voyage, once in Istanbul (on 15 October 1898) and twice in Palestine (29 October and 2 November). The meetings significantly advanced Herzl's and Zionism's legitimacy in Jewish and world opinion. (Wikipedia). Only one copy in OCLC (Library of Congress. Karl Süssheim Collection, no. 1300) 900684728. Özege 7023
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original handsome 1/3 leather bdgs. with attractive decorations at spines. A chipped on the second, and a period label on the first volume's spines. Spines are not homogeneous in their artistic style. Roy. 8vo. (24 x 17 cm). In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters). 2 volumes set: (412 p.; 398 p.). Extremely rare first printed Turkish edition of this first-hand account with a compilation of period sources of 150 dynasties from 1000 AH to c. 1655, self-translated from Arabic by the author, of his Arabic work titled "Fadhlakat al-Tawarîh" [i.e. The report of history] with an addendum for the Ottoman readers by adding what he had seen since 1653. In the book, the events starting from 1592 are told in accordance with the classical Islamic historiography tradition, and short biographies of the viziers, scholars, sheikhs, poets and famous people who died in that year are given at the end of each year. Hadji Khalifa influenced the Arab and Turkish historiographers, who succeeded him in terms of methodology. Hadji Khalifa was the celebrated Ottoman-Turkish polymath and leading literary author of the 17th-century Ottoman Empire. Franz Babinger hailed him "the greatest encyclopaedist among the Ottomans." OCLC lists only three sets: 1030930786, 1030930787 (One is complete in Orient-Institut in Istanbul); 634635343, 634635657 (Two are complete in Berlin and München).; Özege 5707.
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Contemporary cloth bdg. Roy. 8vo. (23 x 16 cm). In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters). [4], [4], 454 p., 21 folded plates including numerous 288 b/w plates. Minor wear on extremities of boards and spine. Dark blue endpapers. A tear on the last plate, not missing. A minor chip on the head page. Several plates are missing. A plate was repaired in its period with a good Ottoman blind-stamped paper. Fading on boards. Otherwise a good copy. Extremely rare first edition of this first physics textbook ever published in the Ottoman Empire, including 32 modern physical subjects in 21 chapters with two articles, by early physics and math teachers in the Mühendishâne [i.e. Ottoman Engineering School] Mehmed Emin Dervish Pasha. This work, prepared to be taught in engineering schools, is valuable for its plain expression, variety of the first subjects in the period it deals with, and its content enriched with illustrations. This rare book is very important to be the first textbook to cover the following topics: Ratio of forces to velocities and their effects on objects, centripetal force, lever, pulley, inclined plane, weight, the pressure of liquids, the balance of gases, barometer, manometer, theoretical views on some musical instruments, heat dissipation force of objects, heat increase forces, thermometer, etc. Dervish Pasha also included in his book the pioneering experiments that he had done in Muhendishane, which attracted a lot of attention during his time in the Ottoman scientific society. (Sources: The First Physics Textbook in Ottoman State: Usûl-ü Hikmet-i Tabiiye (Introduction to the Philosophy of Nature), Akagündüz, S. Y.). Hegira 1281 = Gregorian 1865. Only two institutional copies in OCLC 49368193.; Özege 22161.
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Extremely rare huge chromo-lithograph map in 24 sheets mounted on canvas, showing a large zone including Midyat (Mardin), Mosul, Mt. Cilo (Resko-Buzul) on the southeast; Kahta (Adiyaman), Munzur Mt., Divrigi (Sivas) on the west; the Black Sea on north and Turkish borders to Armenia, Azerbaijan on the east, and to Russia on the northeast. In addition shows in separate little portions, roads, mountains and hills, lakes, and telegraph and post ways and borders in that zone. Not in any libraries and any collection. An attractive map with its huge size and decorative surface. Several toponyms are underlined in red ink. Otherwise a very good example. Original folded map mounted on canvas. 118x112 cm. In Ottoman script (Turkish with Arabic letters). Scale: 1/630.000.
First edition. Original printed boards, small 12mo, lvi, [94] pages. "This was suppressed, and the author and publisher were both imprisoned and fined. It is a satire on the New Yorkers"--Sabin 36827; Rosenbach, American Jewish Bibliography, 242. Shoemaker 12971; BAL 11020. Pages untrimmed as issued. Suppressed libelous satire of New York high society, mocking over 100 local personalities, by early Jewish American dramatist Samuel B. H. Judah (1804-1876) . His plan to publicize this book was nothing short of brilliant. Immediately following publication of Gotham and the Gothamites, Judah paid to have flyers posted throughout New York City, offering a reward for the identity of the anonymous author. He then sent anonymous letters to many of the personalities he had described in the book, calling their attention to the book's existence--one of whom was playwright (and eventual Sheriff of New York) Mordecai Manuel Noah, the subject of ten footnoted pages. Noah sued, with the trial finding Samuel Judah was guilty of libel, fined, and imprisoned, though he was pardoned five weeks later because of ill health. He was eventually admitted to the New York bar and practiced law there for over 50 years. Some foxing as expected, all endpapers present, touch of wear to crown of spine and and some rubbing to the covers front, but a nice solid clean copy with all original elements present. About Good++ Condition. (AMR-57-13-BDR)
322 pages. Translated from the first Russian edition. Contents include: Jews in the land of Kiev Russia and the Moscow State; The first Jews in Russia; The further growth rate of Jews in Russia; Politics of the Russian Government with regard to the Jewish question; How Jewish capital was created in Russia; The social structure of Russian Jewry; Jewish participation and their role in the cultural life of Russia; Jews in Russian literature and criticism; Jews - Russian lawyers; Russian Jewry at the beginning of the twentieth century; The Balis Affair; The Jewish question from February to October 1917; Jews in USSR; Personal-national autonomy; Thirty-year total; The war years; The post-war period; The state of Israel and the problem of double citizenship; Supplements I and II. Apparently the author self-published a first English edition in New York in 1967. This copy may be a later reprint as a small Truth Seeker address label has been placed over original text on the copyright page. Regardless, this copy appears to be circa 1970s or prior. Brown stains to lower portion of back cover modestly affect last three pages - text unaffected. Binding intact. Unmarked. A sound copy. Book
Signed by both Milton and Rose Friedman and briefly inscribed (For Bob) upon half-title page. Reprint of the 1980 first edition with a new Introduction by the authors. "In this classic about economics, freedom, and the relationship between the two, Nobel laureate and presidential advisor Milton Friedman and his wife Rose explain how our freedom has been eroded and our prosperity undermined through the explosion of laws, regulations, agencies, and spending in Washington, and how good intentions often produce deplorable results when government is the middleman. The Friedmans also provide remedies for these ills - they tell us what to do in order to expand our freedom and promote prosperity." - back cover. Unmarked with average wear. PRESSMAN p.242. Book
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) An extremely rare litho propaganda map published as an extra supplement to the Tercümân-i Hakîkat [i.e. The Translator of Truth] newspaper just before the proclamation of Republic in Turkey in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938), showing the front in West Anatolia during the War of Independence (or National Struggle) between 1919-1922 against Greek forces. The upside of the map between the note as title 'Gift to the readers of 'Tercümân-i Hakîkat', Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's portrait among decorated heroic lithographed drawings. In the lower right corner, can be seen legends of the map, scale, and mapmaker's signature. Tercümân-i Hakîkat was a daily newspaper published in Istanbul between 1878-1921 during the Ottoman Empire. Tercüman-i Hakîkat, the most important newspaper published during the reign of Sultan Abdülhamid II, was founded by novelist Ahmed Midhat Efendi, (1844-1912). In the beginning, most of the articles were written by Ahmed Midhat Efendi. It was an encyclopedic newspaper with the aim of inculcating and educating reading habits among the Turks and it played an important role in the training of many famous Ottoman journalists. Its first issue was published on June 26, 1878. After Ahmed Midhat's death in 1913, the newspaper changed owners, and the last issue was published on February 11, 1921. Ibrahim Alaettin Gövsa, (1889-1949), was an Ottoman / Turkish journalist, educator, and intellectual who supported the War of Independence the most. This propaganda map published in Tercümân-i Hakîkat, during the war in 1920 or 1921, is a propaganda tool that calls on the literate people belonging to a certain class, especially those living in Istanbul, to support the war, and aims to spread the word that Turkey is winning the war. Original lithograph map. 50x35,5 cm. In Ottoman script (Turkish with Arabic letters). Scale: 1: 250.000. Occasionally foxing and slight stains on paper, folded traces. Otherwise a very good copy.
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original cloth bdg. with marbled boards. Cr. 8vo. (20 x 13,5 cm). In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters). 176, [1] p. Lithographed edition. Extremely rare first and only edition of this guide to the distances and meridian calculations of some cities from Batumi located on the shores of Black Sea, Europe until Great Britain, Asia, and Africa shores, prepared for Turkish naval officers, mariners, and vessels, describing the shores of the countries located on these routes. ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Ibrahim Edhem Pasha was an Ottoman statesman, who held the office of Grand Vizier at the beginning of Abdul Hamid II's reign between 5 February 1877 and 11 January 1878. He resigned from that post after the Ottoman chances of winning the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) had decreased. He furthermore served in numerous administrative positions in the Ottoman Empire including minister of foreign affairs in 1856, then ambassador to Berlin in 1876, and to Vienna from 1879 to 1882. He also served as a military engineer and as Minister of Interior from 1883 to 1885. In 1876-1877, he represented the Ottoman Government at the Constantinople Conference. He was born in Chios of Greek ancestry, in a Christian Greek Orthodox village on the island of Chios. Strangely, his connection to Chios is not well-documented: his son Osman Hamdi Bey claimed that he was a member of the Scaramanga family, but Edhem Pasha himself tried to efface his Greek connections. As a young boy in 1822, he was orphaned and captured by Ottoman soldiers during the massacre of the Greek population of Chios. He was sold into slavery, brought to Constantinople, and adopted by the (later) grand vizier Hüsrev Pasha. Lacking his own children and family, Hüsrev Pasha raised about ten children who had been orphaned or bought as slaves, many of whom ascended to important positions. The child, now named Ibrahim Edhem, quickly distinguished himself with his intelligence and after having attended schools in the Ottoman Empire, he was dispatched along with a number of his peers, and under the supervision of his father, then grand vizier, and of the sultan Mahmud II himself, to Paris to pursue his studies under state scholarship. There he returned with a Bachelor of Arts and was one of the top pupils at the École des Mines. He was a classmate and a friend of Louis Pasteur. He thus became Turkey's first mining engineer in the modern sense, and he started his career in this field. Edhem Pasha was the father of Osman Hamdi Bey, a well-known archaeologist, and painter, as well as the founder of the Istanbul Archaeology Museum and the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. Another son, Halil Edhem Eldem took up the archaeology museum after Osman Hamdi Bey's death and has been a deputy for ten years under the newly founded Turkish Republic. Yet another son, Ismail Galib Bey, is considered the founder of numismatics as a scientific discipline in Turkey. Later generations of the family also produced illustrious names. The architect Sedat Hakki Eldem, a cousin, is one of the pillars of the search for modern architectural styles adopted by the Republic of Turkey (called the Republican style in the Turkish context) in its early years and which marks many important buildings dating from the period of the 1920s and the 1930s. A great-grandson, Burak Eldem, is a writer while another, Edhem Eldem, is a renowned historian. More names include Erol Eldem, Tiana Eldem, Levent Eldem, and Ercan Eldem, an architect. (Source: Wikipedia). Özege 4522.; Only one copy in OCLC: 162837008 (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
New English Paperback. Pbo. 4to. (31 x 22 cm). In Turkish. B/w and color ills. and original b/w Ottoman documents. 1000 copies were printed. Vol. 1: Hatt-i Hümâyûn, 1577-1804. 372 p.; Vol. 2: Ilmühaber 1, 1667-1871. [xxx], 494 p.; Vol. 3: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 1, 1791-1794. 402 p.; Vol. 4: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 2, 1791-1794.; Vol. 5: Ilmühaber 2, 1710-1841. 398 p.; Vol. 6: Ilmühaber 3, 16016-1898. 404 p.; Vol. 7: Ilmühaber 4, 1856-1928. [xvii], 342 p.; Vol. 8: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 3, 1794-1797. [xix], 407 p.; Vol. 9: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 4, 1798-1802. [xvii], 398 p.; Vol. 10: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 5, 1801-1806. [xviii], 394 p.; Vol. 11: Kirkçesme sulari 1. [xxxvi], 436 p.; Vol. 12: Kirkçesme sulari 2, 1811-1921. [xxxviii], 402 p.; Vol. 13: 19. ve 20. yüzyillarda Istanbul sulari. 301 p.; Vol. 14: Su hukuku ve teskilâti, Gülfettin Çelik. 223 p.; Vol. 15: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 6, 1806-1813. [xxvii], 399 p.; Vol. 16: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 7, 1813-1817. [xxv], 379 p.; Vol. 17: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 8, 1817-1823. [xxiv], 385 p.; Vol. 18: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 9, 123-1826. [xxiv], 342 p.; Vol. 19: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 10, 1817-1829. [xxiv], 319 p.; Vol. 20: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 11, 1829-1838. [xxv], 364 p.; Vol. 21: Halkali sulari 1, 1837-1905. [xxvii], [1], ]301 p.; Vol. 22: Halkali sulari 2, 1843-1913. [xxx], 297 p.; Vol. 23: Avrupa Yakasi sulari 1, 1603-1826. [xxxviii], 326 p.; Vol. 24: Avrupa Yakasi sulari 2, 1577-1842. [xxxvi], 323 p.; Vol. 25: Avrupa Yakasi sulari 3, 1574-1831. [xLv], 3998 p.; Vol. 26: Suyolcu 1, 1717-1925. [xxiv], 309 p.; Vol. 27: Su kesif defteri 1, 1842-1862. [xxvi], 333 p.; Vol. 28: Su kesif defteri 2, 1847-1872. [xxvi], 334 p.; Vol. 29: Su kesif defteri 3, 1862-1876. [xxxii], 374 p.; Vol. 30: Bogaziçi ve Taksim sulari 1, 1836-1908. [xxviii], 339 p.; Vol. 31: Bogaziçi ve Taksim sulari 2, 1813-1928. [xLi], 338 p.; Vol. 32: Su tahrirleri, 1655-1807. [xLix], 278 p.; Vol. 33: Suyolcu 2, 1871-1921. [xxxv], 309 p.; Vol. 34: Suyolcu 3, 1684-1876. 335 p. Everything on water systems, water management, water supplying in Istanbul City based on original Ottoman archival documents and their transcriptions order in modern Turkish as in chronological order after the Conquest of Istanbul (Constantinople), in 1453. Also including The Roman, The Byzantine Era on it. [Istanbul Constantinople Constantinopolis Constantinopla Constantinopolin Konstantinopel Water supplying system Fountain Fountains History of art Turkish and Islamic art Ottoman arts Fine arts Khumayoun Humayoun Ottoman Empire The Ottoman State Constantinus Hadrianus Canalisation Canalization Engineering Arc Wtaer supply Canal Channel Drainage Dam Barrage Dike Aqueduct Pool Pond Receiver Sewer Cesspool Scales Grate Ways Water way Waterway Waterways Masjid Fountain for ablutions Charitable fountain Bath Hammam Hamam Assignment Allocating Distrubition Well Pit Sink Letting flow Conducting line Municipality Mayoralty Townhall Parish Ward Quarter District Harbour Narbor Port Haven Seaport Estuary Arm of the Sea The Golden Horn Lodging Settling Cistern Tank Registering Recording Enrolment Development Prosperity].
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) In contemporary 1/4 leather bdg. Small 4to. (26 x 19 cm). In Ottoman script. 2 volumes set: ([6], [3], 582 p.; [3], 619 p.). Hegira: 1279-1280 = Gregorian: 1862-1863. A rare chronic set on the Ottoman Empire. First Edition. 'Tacü't-tevarih' which is known as the basic sources of Foundation Era of the Ottoman Empire was written by Hoca Sadettin Efendi, (1536/7-1599) who had an important place in the life of state, literature, art and culture in 16th century. This book which is one of the most brilliant examples of 16th Century Ottoman Turkish. Özege 19193.
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Contemporary red cloth. Roy. 8vo. (24 x 16 cm). In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters). [1], 229, [1] p., many b/w and color ills., 30 chromo-lithographed maps. Wear and fading on spine, some ex-library stamps on the colophon and several blank pages, ownership ink inscription and signature on the first page-overall a good copy. First edition of this rare Ottoman atlas for the primary schools in the late Ottoman Empire, including beautiful 30 chromo-lithographed maps of the Ottoman land according to administrative regions (provinces) and richly illustrated with b/w plates of the cities and provinces in the Middle East. Map list: 1. World map 2. Complete Imperial Ottoman 3. Arabian Peninsula 4. Anatolia 5. Asia Minor 6. Marmara and Black Sea 7. Aegean (The Archipelago) 8. Demography of Anatolia and Syria, Libya, etc 9. Administrative map of Anatolia 10. Map of mines of Anatolia 11. Agricultural map of the Imperial Ottoman 12. Arabian Peninsula 13. Map of the Edirne Vilayat [Adrianople Province of the Ottoman Empire] 14. Map of the Bosphorus 15. Map of the Hüdavendigâr Vilayat [Brusa Province] 16. Maps of Izmit and Biga Sanjaks 17. Map of Aydin Vilayat and Mentese Sanjak 18. Map of the Konya Vilayat 19. Maps of the Adana Vilayat and the Mediterranean Sea 20. Maps of the Erzurum and Ankara Vilayats 21. MAps of Kastamonu Vilayat and Bolu Sanjak 22. Map of the Trebizond Vilayat 23. Maps of the Van and Bitlis Vilayats 24. Maps of the Sivas and Harput Vilayats 25. Maps of the Bagdad and Basrah Vilayats 26. Map of the Mosul Vilayat and Day al-Zor Sanjak 27. Map of the Aleppo Vilayat and Urfa Sanjak 28. Map of the Syria and Beirut Vilayats 29. Map of the Arabia 30. Maps of the Yemen vilayat and Asir Sanjak. This atlas was printed four times for the different classes of the early Turkish / Ottoman schools, during World War 1 (two times in 1916) and the National Struggle (two times in 1921). Geylangil was born in Istanbul in 1887 and studied in Aleppo and Baghdad. Geylangil, who also studied economic geography, taught geography at many schools, including Galatasaray High School. Until his death, he wrote 14 books on geography, most of which were geographical atlases. In 1941, he was among the founding members of the Turkish Geographical Society. Özege 23216.; TBTK 11481.; We couldn't find any copy of this edition worldwide.
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original red cloth bdg. Bilingual titles on two boards and title pages in French and Ottoman script. Slight age-related toning to pages, the Ottoman face of cloth is stained. Spine restored skillfully. 4to. (28 x 20 cm). Text entirely in Ottoman Turkish. 2 volumes set: ([4], 92 p., 19 color plts.; 52 p., 8 color plts. -of which five illustrate the symbols and flags of the different companies of janissaries and two depict the Grand Vizier and the Capudan Pacha-). All plates are complete. Hegira 1325 = Gregorian 1909. Rare first edition of the early uniform book of the Ottoman army with the most attractive color plates ever and extremely rare with its complete plates. The artist of the plates was Hüsnü Tengüz (1876-1950), one of the most famous Turkish painters. He was assigned to the Military Museum Commission by Mahmut Sevket Pasha in 1908-1909, and after 1910, he was appointed as the painter of the Naval Museum, until 1917. "Premiere Partie 1326 jusqu'a 1826 avec 247 gravures coloriees. Par Mahmoud Chevket Pacha General Divisionnaire Inspecteur general des 1er, 2me et 3me Ordous. Prix 20 Piastres". In this work by Mahmud Shevket Pasha, who was the Ottoman Grand Vizier and the Commander of the Movement Army, dealing with the Ottoman military organization together with military clothing and uniforms; the clothes of the soldiers belonging to these organizations are exhibited together on their exquisitely beautiful plates. The descriptions of the pictures cover all the military classes serving in the Ottoman army. The two parts refer to the two periods of Turkish military organization: Pt. One (figures 1-48) depicts the Ottoman court functionaries, Pt. Two (figures 1-58) the new army. Özege 16005.; Atabey 238.; Not in BLC. GL (Part One only); OCLC: 16110303, 27957549, Not in Blackmer. Bebek 134.
Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript paper. 40x28 cm. In Ottoman script. 2 p. Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha was an Ottoman industrialist and statesman, who was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire twice under Mahmud II (reign 1808-1839) and three times under Abdülmecit I (reign 1839-1861) during the Tanzimat period of reformation. He was one of the most prominent figures in funding the Crimean War. According to Shaw and Shaw, Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha and his predecessor, Mustafa Resit Pasha, "acted mainly as mediators" for Mahmud II, "attempting to balance conflicting interests while participating in the factional activities and disputes endemic in Ottoman governmental life.". Buyuruldu (or Buyrultu, Buyurildi, Buyurdu etc.) is the order of an Ottoman grand vizier, vizier, beglerbegi , defterdâr , or other high officials to a subordinate. The term is derived from the word 'buyuruldi', it has been ordered, in which the order usually ends and which gradually developed into a conventional sign. Buyuruldus are of two main types: a) decisions written in the margin (der kenâr) of an incoming petition or report, often ordering that a fermân (firman) (or berât , etc.) be issued to a certain effect... (Brill, Encyclopedia of Islam). "Menzils" were early post organizations in the Ottoman Empire before the Reform period. In the Ottoman Empire, every 35 kilometers - the distance one could travel in a day - on the main roads, there were buildings called "menzil" or "menzilhane" (destination, post station). Surrounded by walls, these yards had a hostelry, barn, market, bath, and restaurant. Hosted at the complex for free, travelers shopped, took baths and fed their animals, and continued their journeys the following day. At the complex, officials - registered and paid by the state - served the guests. Within time, menzils turned into bazaars where locals sold their products. Then, villages and towns started to pop up around them. Commodities needed by the army for expeditions were preserved at menzils and soldiers were accommodated at these facilities if needed during expeditions. Mailmen operating between two faraway destinations changed their horses with those waiting at menzils and went on their route without losing time. (Source: Ekrem Bugra Ekinci). It's written on paper with 'ahar'. Used black ink only. It includes approx. 63 lines on front and verso of the paper and two buyuruldus. Different calligraphic "riq'a" styles by different bureaucrats and Grand Vizier and owner of a petition (Bende, Osman). Grand vizier's handwriting is in 'diwanî' script. An extremely rare autograph manuscript is a good example of the Ottoman state organization in the early 19th century.
Very Good Tatar Original wrappers. Demy 8vo. (21 x 14,5 cm). In Crimean Tatar in Arabic script. 25 p. Chipped on extremities, wear on spine, slightly stained and dusty covers. Overall a good copy. First and only edition of this first regulations consisting of 87 articles under 11 main headings, of the parliamentary (qurultai) of the Crimean People's Republic, which was the first Turkic and Muslim democratic republic in the world, existed from December 1917 to January 1918 in the Crimean Peninsula, a modern day Ukrainian territory currently occupied by the Russian Federation. The Crimean People's Republic was declared by the initiative of the Qurultai of Crimean Tatars, which stipulated the equality of all ethnicities within the peninsula. Noman Çelebicihan (1885-1918) was chosen as the first President of the nascent Republic. The Qurultai, in opposition to the Bolsheviks, published a "Crimean Tatar Basic Law", which convened an All-Crimean Constitutional Assembly, established a Board of Directors as a provisional government, and erected a Council of National Representatives as a provisional parliament. The Board of Directors and the Central Council of Ukraine both mutually recognized each other. This attempt to build a new nation was quickly defeated by the Bolshevik- and anarchist-dominated Black Sea Fleet. Already on 16 December 1917, the Bolsheviks captured Sevastopol where the headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet was located and dissolved the local council of deputies. The power in the city was transferred to the local revkom. The Bolsheviks were supported by some ships of the Black Sea Fleet. To defend itself, the Crimean government created a United Crimean Headquarters on 19 December 1917, that had at its disposal two cavalry and one infantry regiment of Crimean Tatars as well as some Ukrainian and Russian formations that amounted to some thousand people. Several armed incidents took place during January 1918. On 14 January 1918, the Bolsheviks captured Simferopol where they managed to arrest former President of Crimea (Head of Directorate) Noman Çelebicihan who had just resigned on 4 January 1918. He was transferred back to Sevastopol and interned until 23 February 1918, when he was executed without trial. The body of Çelebicihan was thrown into the sea. On the initiative of Çelebicihan on 10 January 1918, the Qurultai created a special commission that conducted talks with the Bolsheviks to stop the armed conflict in Crimea. On the initiative of Çelebicihan on 10 January 1918, the Qurultai created a special commission that conducted talks with the Bolsheviks to stop the armed conflict in Crimea. By the end of January 1918, the Bolsheviks had captured the whole of Crimea and dissolved both the Kurultai as well as the Council of National Representatives. The Red Terror engulfed the peninsula. With Çelebicihan in the Reds' custody, another leader of the Crimean Tatars, Cafer Seydamet Qirimer, managed to escape to the Caucasus across continental Ukraine. Many Crimean military formations retreated to the mountains. The government of Ukraine blockaded Crimea while trying to re-establish control over the Black Sea Fleet and the city of Sevastopol. Any Muslim supporting military formations on the way to Crimea was stopped. That, in turn, triggered a protest from the All-Russian Muslim military council. By the end of January 1918, the Ukrainian government itself was forced to declare war on the Russian SFSR due to the advancement of the Red Guard forces of Moscow and Petrograd into Ukraine without explicit notification. The Bolsheviks briefly established the Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic on Crimean territory in early 1918 before the area was overrun by forces of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the German Empire. Some officials of the national government, such as Seydamet Qirimer who managed to escape the Bolsheviks' terror sought political asylum in Kyiv and petitioned for military help from the advancing Ukrainian Army as w
