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CURIE, JACQUES et PIERRE - THE DISCOVERY OF PIEZOELECTRICITYBiblio.com

188047008Paris Gauthier-Villars 1880. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 91 No 5 entire issue offered. Pp. 251-310. The Curie's paper: pp. 294-295. First apperance of the paper in which the two brothers announced their discovery of the Piezoelectric Effect as they observed how an electric potential appeared across crystals of quartza and of Rochelle salt when pressure was applied to them. The potential varied directly with the pressure and they named the phenomenon Piezoelectricity meaning "to press" Greek. Crystals with piezoelectric properties form an essential portion of sound-electronics devices such as microphones and record-players."The applications of piezoelectric crystals are innumerable; one of the most important is their use in frequency stabilization of oscillating electromagnetic cirasciots for radio broadcasting stations. They are used in most piezometers for measuring with great precision either very strong pressure variations such as those of a cannon at the moment of firing or very weak ones such as artery pulsations. These applications have led to the creation of a new industry the manufacture of large "mono" such as quartz obtained hydrothermally around 500°C. under high water pressures or crystals such as Rochelle salt obtained from aqueous solutions. These two substances were mentioned in the Curie brothers’ report announcing the discovery of piezoelectricity." DSB."The first experimental demonstration of a connection between macroscopic piezoelectric phenomena and crystallographic structure was published in 1880 by Pierre and Jacques Curie. Their experiment consisted of a conclusive measurement of surface charges appearing on specially prepared crystals tourmaline quartz topaz cane sugar and Rochelle salt among them which were subjected to mechanical stress. These results were a credit to the Curies' imagination and perseverance considering that they were obtained with nothing more than tinfoil glue wire magnets and a jeweler's saw." Piezo Systems Inc.Magee "A Source Book in Physics" p. 547 ff. unknown

DAVY, HUMPHRY - THE DISCOVERY OF POTASSIUM AND SODIUM (FRENCH VERSION).Biblio.com

Recherches ëlectrochimiques sur la décomposition des terres avec des observations sur les métaux obtenus des terres alcalines et sur un amalgame produit avec l'ammoniaque. Tireeis des Transactions philosophiques et traduites par M. C.A. Prieur. .

180950198Paris Mad. Ve Barnard 1809. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Wear to top of spine. A few scratches to binding. Small stamps on verso of titlepage.In: "Annales de Chimie ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie" Tome 70. 336 pp. Entire volume offered. Davy's paper: pp. 189-254. First edition in French the first English 1808 of this importent historical paper in chemistry in which Davy shows that electricity is capable of decomposing some alkalies isolating two new substances and discovering potassium and sodium. Neville in his Historical Chemical Library vol. I p.340 writes about this paper "ONE OF THE GREAT CLASSIC RESEARCHES IN CHEMISTRY in which Davy announced in this his second Bakterian lecture the isloation of metallic potassium and sodium by the electrolytic decomposition of their fused oxides.""He Davy began his own electrical experiments.The results were spectacular. On October 6 1807 the current passing through molten potash liberated a metal which Davy called potassium. The little globules of shining metal tore the water molecule apart as it eagerly recombined with oxygen and the liberated hydrogen burst into lavender flame. Davy danced about in a delirium of joy. A week later he isolated sodium from soda."Asimow. The paper offered here describes these discoveries."Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800 and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lecture to the Royal Society on November 20 1806. A Source Book in Chemistry p. 243. unknown

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DAVY, HUMPHRY - THE DISCOVERY OF HYDROGEN TELLURIDEBiblio.com

The Bakerian Lecture for 1809. On some new Electrochemical Researches on various Objects particularly the metallic Bodies from the Alkalies and Earth and on some Combinations of Hydrogene. Read November 16 1809.

181042219London W. Bulmer and Co. 1810. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1810 - Part I. Pp. 16-74 and 2 engraved plates showing Davy's electrochemical apparatus for decomposing substances. The plates dampstained. Text fine and clean. First appearence of this historical chemical paper Davy' fifth Bakerian Lecture in which he announced his discovery of hydrogen telluride."Mr. Davy having from the commencement of his electro-chemical researches communicated the several steps of his progress to the Society The Royal Society takes the present opportunity of reporting the results of his further inquiries under four principal heads. First on the nature of the metals of the fixed alkalis. Second on the nature of Hydrogen and composition of ammonia. Thirdly on the metals of the earth; and Fourthly he makes a comparison between the antiphlogistic doctrine and a modified phlogistic hypothesis."Abstract. He further gives arguments for considering potassium and sodium which he discovered in 1808 as a element."Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800 and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lectures." - Wheeler Gift: 2518. unknown

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DAVY, HUMPHRY - THE DISCOVERY OF HYDROGEN TELLURIDEBiblio.com

The Bakerian Lecture for 1809. On some new Electrochemical Researches on various Objects particularly the metallic Bodies from the Alkalies and Earth and on some Combinations of Hydrogene. Read November 16 1809.

181045887London W. Bulmer and Co. 1810. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1810 - Part I. Pp. 16-74 and 2 engraved plates showing Davy's electrochemical apparatus for decomposing substances Davy's versions of the Voltaic-pile. Plates a bit brownspotted otherwise clean and fine wide-margined. First appearence of this historical chemical paper Davy' fifth Bakerian Lecture in which he announced his discovery of hydrogen telluride."Mr. Davy having from the commencement of his electro-chemical researches communicated the several steps of his progress to the Society The Royal Society takes the present opportunity of reporting the results of his further inquiries under four principal heads. First on the nature of the metals of the fixed alkalis. Second on the nature of Hydrogen and composition of ammonia. Thirdly on the metals of the earth; and Fourthly he makes a comparison between the antiphlogistic doctrine and a modified phlogistic hypothesis."Abstract. He further gives arguments for considering potassium and sodium which he discovered in 1808 as a element."Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800 and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lectures." - Wheeler Gift: 2518.Also with William Hyde Wollaston "The Croonian Lecture. Read November 16 1809.On Muscular Action - On Sea-Sickness - On the salutary Effects of Riding and other Modes of Gestation. Pp. 1-15. unknown

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LECOQ de BOISBAUDRAN, PAUL EMILE - ANNOUNCING THE DISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENT GALLIUMBiblio.com

Caractéres chimique et spectroscopiques d'un nouveau métal le Gallium découvert dans une blende de la mine de Pierrefitte vallée d'Argelès Pyrénées. Séance du Lundi 20 Septembre 1875. Sur quelques propriétés dy gallium. Séance du Lundi 6.

187547271Paris Gauthier-Villars 1875. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 81 No 12 and No 23. Pp. 485- 508 a. 1065- 1148. 2 entire issues offered. Boisbaudran's papers: pp. 493-495 a. pp. 1100-1105. First printing of the paper in which Boisbaudran announced his discovery of Gallium together with the first printing of the paper in which he by a series of experiments proved that Gallium the metal that he had discovered amd named in honour of France is a true element. A larger paper on the discovery was published in 1877 in "Annales de Chimie et Physique". In 1879 Bausbaudran was awarded the Davy Medal for his discovery of Gallium. "In 1875 Boisbaudran spectroscopically discovered a new element gallium which he found in zinc blende from a mine in Hautes-Pyrénées. Continuing his work in Wurtz’s laboratory in Paris he was a able to obtain the free metal by electrolysis of a solution of the hydroxide in potassium hydroxide. Gallium Boisbaudran realized was the "eka-aluminum" predicted by Mendeleev and was the first of Mendeleev’s predicted elements to be isolated. Boisbaudran’s finding thus provided valuable evidence for the validity of Mendeleev’s periodic classification of the elements."DSB."Lecoq de Boisbaudran announced his discovery by spectroscopic analysis of the new element gallium. Mendeleev had first predicted its existence and had named it eka-aluminium. The discovery was made in the author's private laboratory in a specimen of zinc blende from the Pierrefitte mine in the Angelès Valley in the Hautes Pyrénées. He describes how on the evening of 27 August 1875 he detected the existence of this new element which he named "gallium" in honor of France Gallia. A month later he "performed in Wurtz's laboratory in Paris.a series of experiments to prove that gallium.is a true element"Weeks. he discusses how he eventually isloated small amounts of pure metallic gallium and determined its physical and chemical properties. The paper the paper offered first describes gallium compounds e.g. ammonium gallium alum chloride oxide and sulphate."Roy G. Neville II p. 29. unknown

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PASTEUR, LOUIS - ANNOUNCING THE DISCOVERY OF "MOLECULAR ASSYMETRY"Biblio.com

Mémoire sur la relation qui peut exister entre la forme cristalline et la composition chimique et sur la cause de la polarisation rotatoire; Extrait. Séance du Lundi 22 Mai 1848.

184849456Paris Bachelier 1848. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 26 No 21. Pp. 529- 548. Entire issue offered. Pasteur's paper: pp. 535-538. Clean and fine. First appearance of the announcement of Pasteur's momentous and revolutionary discovery of "molecular assymetry" and founding the science of Polarimetry.The discovery was first announced by Pasteur in may 1848 by the printing of the preliminary report of only 4 short pages in order to establish priority the paper offered. A more full exposition was published the same year in "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" 3me Series - Tome XXIV."In 1848.Pasteur studied the crystals of tartrates one of the substances that exhibited the now-clockwise now-counterclockwise effect under the microscope and found that the xcrystasls were mirror images of the others. The two crystals resemmbled each other as a right-hand glove resembles a left-hand glove.This was a revolutionary discovery and it took some courage to announce it. A few years before the well-known chemist Mitscherlich had studies the same tartrate crystals and declared them all to be identical. Pasteur was only a twenty-sic-year-old unknown. neverthelless he announced his findings and went before Biot to repeat the separation ofthe crystals before the eyes of the aged authority in the field. Biot was convinced and Pasteur received the Rumford medal of the Royal Society for his work.Pasteur had thus founded the science of polarimetry in which the measurements of the manner in which the plane of polarized light was twisted could be used to help to determine the structure of organic substance to follow various chemical reactions and so on."Asimov. Leicester & Klickstein "A Source Book of Chemistry" p. 374-379. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark4 500,00 DKK≈ 604,35 €

PASTEUR, LOUIS - ANNOUNCING THE DISCOVERY OF "MOLECULAR ASSYMETRY"Biblio.com

Mémoire sur la relation qui peut exister entre la forme cristalline et la composition chimique et sur la cause de la polarisation rotatoire; Extrait. Séance du Lundi 22 Mai 1848.

184847149Paris Bachelier 1848. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 26 No 21. Pp. 529- 548. Entire issue offered. Pasteur's paper: pp. 535-538. First appearance of the announcement of Pasteur's momentous and revolutionary discovery of "molecular assymetry" and founding the science of Polarimetry.The discovery was first announced by Pasteur in may 1848 by the printing of the preliminary report of only 4 short pages in order to establish priority the paper offered. A more full exposition was published the same year in "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" 3me Series - Tome XXIV."In 1848.Pasteur studied the crystals of tartrates one of the substances that exhibited the now-clockwise now-counterclockwise effect under the microscope and found that the xcrystasls were mirror images of the others. The two crystals resemmbled each other as a right-hand glove resembles a left-hand glove.This was a revolutionary discovery and it took some courage to announce it. A few years before the well-known chemist Mitscherlich had studies the same tartrate crystals and declared them all to be identical. Pasteur was only a twenty-sic-year-old unknown. neverthelless he announced his findings and went before Biot to repeat the separation ofthe crystals before the eyes of the aged authority in the field. Biot was convinced and Pasteur received the Rumford medal of the Royal Society for his work.Pasteur had thus founded the science of polarimetry in which the measurements of the manner in which the plane of polarized light was twisted could be used to help to determine the structure of organic substance to follow various chemical reactions and so on."Asimov. Leicester & Klickstein "A Source Book of Chemistry" p. 374-379. unknown

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RAYLEIGH, LORD (JW STRUTT) and WILLIAM RAMSAY - THE DISCOVERY OF ARGON J WBiblio.com

Argon a New Constituent of the Atmosphere. Received and Read January 31 1895.

189542221London Harrison and Sons 1895. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" Vol. 186 - I Series A. Pp. 187-241 a. 8 textillustrations apparatus. Fine and clean. First printing of this importent paper in the history of chemistry Lord Rayleigh's most famous discovery announcing the discovery of this new gas the first finding of one of the rare gases inert gases having unusual properties and forming a distinct group in the periodic table and all with zero valency."The original paper in the "Philosophical Transactions" will undoubtly rank as a classic the investigation having been a particularly brilliant ine." Ernst von Meyer in History of Chemistry. For this discovery Lord Rayleigh and W. Ramsay received the Nobel Prize 1904.After having made several measuring of the densities of gases "Rayleigh came across a curious puzzle. With oxygen he always obtained the same density regardless of how the oxygen might be produced whether from one particular compound from a second compound or from the air. The situation was different with nitrogen. The nitrogen he obtained from air constantly showed a slightly higher density than the nitrogen he obtained from any of various compounds. Rayleigh could think of several ways in which the nitrogen obtained from air might be contaminated but none of the possibilities checked out experimentally. He was so frustrated that he went so far as to write to the journal "Nature" asking for suggestions. Ramsay a brilliant Scottish chemist asked permission to tackle the problem and received it. The upshot was that a new gas somewhat denser that nitrogen was discovered to exist in the atmosphere. It was named argon and it was the first of a series of rare gases of unusual properties whose existence had never been suspected."Asimow.Dibner Heralds of Science No. 50 - Neville Historical Chemical Library vol. II p.358. unknown

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CURIE, (MARIE) SKLODOWSKA - THE DISCOVERY OF THE RADIOACTIVITY OF THORIUM - COINING THE TERM 'RADIOACTIVITY'Biblio.com

Rayons émis par les composés de l'uranium et de thorium. Presentée par M. Lippmann. Séance du Mardi 12 Avril 1898.

189846852Paris Gauthier-Villars 1898. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 126 No 15. Entire issue offered. With htitle and titlepage to vol. 126. Pp. 1059-1110. Curie's paper: pp. 1101-1103. First printing of this milestone paper being the first "Note" from Marie Curie about "radioactivity". This same "Note" contains a the fundamental observation: "Two uranium ores. are much more active than uranium itself. This fact. leads one to believe that these ores may contain an element much more active than uranium." This paper gives the first proof of the fact that radiation is an atomic property."Henri Becquerel discovered 1896 that uranium salts shielded from light for several months spontaneously emit rays related in their effects to Roentgen rays. Mme. Curie became enthusiastic about this subject filled with the unknown and as she later acknowledged involving no bibliographic research.The first step in the research was to determine whether there existed other elements capable like uranium of emitting radiation. Abandoning the idea of hyperfluorescence couldn’t one calculate by electrical measurement the effects on the conductivity of air that were revealed by the gold-leaf electroscope Pierre Curie and his brother Jacques had constructed an extremely sensitive apparatus to measure weak currents; Mme. Curie employed it in testing both pure substances and various ores. In her first "Note" in the Comptes rendus"de l Académie des sciences 12 April 1898 she described the method that she followed throughout her life the method that enabled her to make comparisons through time and crosschecks with other techniques:"I employed. a plate condenser one of the plates being covered with a uniform layer of uranium or of another finely pulverized substance diameter of the plates eight centimeters; distance between them three centimeters. A potential difference of 100 volts was established between the plates. The current that traversed the condenser was measured in absolute value by means of an electrometer and a piezoelectric quartz. In general she preferred the zero method in which the operator compensates for the current created by the active material by manipulating the quartz. All of her students followed this procedure."DSB.The first results came in 1898: the measurements varied between 83 × 10-12 amperes for pitch blende to less than 0.3 × 10-12 for almost inactive salts passing through 53 × 10-12 for thorium oxide and for chalcolite double phosphate of uranium and copper. Thorium would thus be "radioactive" the term is Mme. Curie’s; its radioactive properties were discovered at the same time independently by Schmidt in Germany. unknown

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HENRY, JOSEPH - DISCOVERY OF SELF-INDUCTIONBiblio.com

Facts in reference to the Spark &c from along conductor uniting the poles of a Galvanic Battery.

183547003Philadelphia Fraklin Institute 1835. 8vo. Later full green cloth. Tome-and titlelabels in leather with gilt lettering on spine. In: "Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania. Edited by Thomas P. Jones" Vol. XV. New series. Engraved frontisp. 2446 pp. 2 folded engraved plates and 2 folded engraved maps. Entire volume offered. Henry's announcement: pp. 169-70. A stamp to verso of frontispiece Library of Congress duplicate stamp. First printing of this importent paper the first to describe in detail how the phenomena of Self-Induction was discovered. Henry discovered the induction phenomena - how an electric current in one coil may set up a current in the other through the development of the magnetic field - independently of Faraday but Faraday was first to publish on electromagnetic induction. Henry's experiments with induction led him to his importent discovery of SELF-INDUCTION which is the phenomenon in which a change in electric current in a coil produces an induced emf in the coil itself. This phenomenon was also discovered inependently by Faraday but this time Henry had published first. The basic unit of inductance was to be called "the Henry". Relevant to the controversy between Faraday and Henry is the following statement by A D Bache Secretary of the American Philosophical Society introducing an abstract of Henry in J Franklyn Inst. 1835 pp. 169-70 H. Norman 1053 and the paper offerd: "A memoir on this subject has been since submitted to the Society containing an extension of the subject the primary fact in relation to which was observed by Professor Henry as early as 1832 and announced by him in the American Journal of Science. Mr. Faraday having recently entered upon a similar train of observations the immediate publication of the accompanying is important that the prior claims of our fellow countryman may not be overlooked."Spark Museum.Magee "Source Book in Physics" p. 515. hardcover

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MULLER, JOHANNES & THEODOR SCHWANN - THE DISCOVERY OF PEPSIN, THE FIRST KNOWN ANIMAL ENZYME & THE "FIBRES OF REMAK"Biblio.com

Versuche über die künstliche Verdauung des geronnenen Eiweisses Müller & Schwann Ueber das Wesen des Verdauungsprocesses Schwann. 2 paers.

183645406Berlin G. Eichler 1836. In "Archiv für Anatomie Physiologie und Wissenschaftliches Medicin Herausgegeben von Johannes Müller". Jahrgang 1836. Pp. 66-89 a. pp. 90-139. The entire volume offered in its 6 parts in 5 all 5 issues uncut with orig. printed warppers. 2CCXXIV390 pp. and 15 engraved plates. The 2 first issues with a faint dampstain to lower part of leaves and plates. First appearance of an importent paper in the history of biology in which Schwann describes his discovery and isolation of pepsin the substance in the stomach that aids digestion of eggwhite. It is the FIRST KNOWN ANIMAL ENZYME. The paper appeared at the same time in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff".Theodor Schwann 1810-1882 was a great German physiologist pathologist and experimenter. One of the founders of the cell doctrine and of the idea of the living nature of yeast. Born at Neuss near Düsseldorff. A catholic educated in the Jesuit Gymnasium in Cologne. Intended for the church but took to medicine. He was a pupil of Johannes Müller and a collegueand lifelong friend of J. Henle the anatomist. In Berlin Schwann was Johannes Müller's assistent for five years and it was then that he discovered pepsin in 1836 the paper offered.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1836 B. - Garrison & Morton no. 991.The first paper offered written together with Johannes Müller records the preliminary investigaions leading to the discovery of Pepsin. - Garrison & Morton no. 990.The volume also contains another famous paper by ROBERT REMAK "Vorläufige Mittheilung microscopischer Beobachtungen über den innern Bau der Cerebrospinalnerven und über die Entwicklung ihrer Formenelemente. Hierzu Tafel IV. Pp. 145-161. This paper contains the first announcement of his DISCOVERY OF "FIBRES OF REMAK" the non-medullated nerve-fibres. Garrison & Morton no. 1260. unknown

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