2 944 résultats
191343305Leipzig & Berlin: Teubner 1913. 38pp. 254 x 170 mm. Original printed wrappers chipped. Library stamps. Very good. First separate edition. "After his first discussions with Grossmann Einstein had found the correct starting point for general relativity. The real work could now begin . . . The Einstein-Grossmann paper published in 1913 contains profound physical insight into the nature of measurement some correct general relativistic equations some faulty reasoning and clumsy notation" Pais Subtle is the Lord p. 216. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 58. Teubner unknown books
1922432871922. <p>Einstein Albert 1879-1955 and Paul Ehrenfest 1880-1933. Quantentheoretische Bemerkungen zum Experiment von Stern und Gerlach. Offprint from Zeitschrift für Physik 11 1922. 31-34pp. 229 x 155 mm. Original printed self-wrappers. Light toning but fine otherwise. </p> <p>First Edition Offprint Issue. In 1922 the physicists Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach conducted a now-classic experiment in which a beam of silver atoms was streamed through an inharmonious magnetic field in order to observe the atoms' deflection patterns. Rather than a random and continuous distribution as predicted by classical theory the atoms passing through the field were deflected up or down by a specific amount demonstrating that they had intrinsically quantum properties. The Stern-Gerlach experiment corroborated the Bohr-Sommerfeld model of the atom and strongly influenced later developments in 20th century physics. However the experiment also created some serious difficulties for quantum physicists in the period before the rise of the "new" quantum mechanics. </p> <p>Einstein and Ehrenfest addressed one of these difficulties—connected with space quantization—in their joint paper in which </p> <p>"they dealt in particular with the problem of how the orbits of the atom would obtain their discrete directions which they exhibit while passing through the inhomogeneous magnetic field. Under the assumption that the mechanism causing the orientation was provided by the interaction with the radiation field Einstein and Ehrenfest estimated that for a field strength of 10000 G a change in the direction of the orbit would take place in roughly 1011 s; this long time interval would be reduced in the presence of heat radiation at room temperature . . . to about 109 s. How could they asked the experimental situation be explained which implied that the discrete orientations of the orbits in silver atoms were obtained in less than 10-4 s. In order to deal with this evident puzzle Einstein and Ehrenfest proposed two alternatives: first that the silver atoms were always in the states of spatial quantization; second the orientations of the electron orbits arose from an interaction of the atoms with the radiation field which involved much smaller reaction times . . . However they found that both alternatives created considerable difficulties in the understanding of the atomic processes . . . Thus Einstein and Ehrenfest concluded: 'The difficulties mentioned above show how unsatisfactory are both interpretations of the results found by Stern and Gerlach'" Mehra & Rechenberg The Historical Development of Quantum Theory 1 pp. 443-444. </p> <p>Pais Subtle is the Lord p. 328. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 121.</p> . unknown books
1915432951915. <p>Einstein Albert 1879-1955 and Wander Johann de Haas 1878-1960. Notiz zu unserer Arbeit "Experimenteller Nachweis der Ampèreschen Molekularströme." Offprint from Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft 17 1915. 1 sheet p. 420. 228 x 156 mm. Original printed wrappers. Fine copy.</p> <p>First Edition Offprint Issue. In 1915 Einstein and Dutch physicist Wander Johannes de Haas conducted gyromagnetic experiments leading to the discovery of the Einstein-de Haas effect which corresponds to the mechanical rotation induced in a ferromagnetic cylinder suspended inside a coil when an impulse of electric current is sent through the coil. Einstein was very enthusiastic about the experimental results stating that he and de Haas had "given firm proof of the existence of Ampère's molecular currents" quoted in Pais Subtle is the Lord pp. 245-246. Einstein and de Haas published their results in a paper published earlier in 1915 see Weil 73; the present "Notiz" is a response to a communication from American physicist Samuel Jackson Barnett who had begun performing similar experiments in 1909 and obtained results complementing those of Einstein and de Haas. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 73n.</p> . unknown books
1911432921911. <p>Einstein Albert 1879-1955. Berichtigung zu meiner Arbeit: "Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen." Offprint from Annalen der Physik 34 1911. 591-592pp. 224 x 146 mm. Original printed wrappers a little chipped splint in lower spine. Light toning but very good.</p> <p>First Edition Offprint Issue. Einstein's correction to his formula for the viscosity coefficient = 1 a key equation in his 1905 doctoral thesis in which he had presented a new theoretical method for determining molecular radii and Avogadro's number. In 1910 Jacques Bacelin a pupil of French physicist Jean-Baptiste Perrin obtained experimental results indicating a possible error in Einstein's formula. "That prompted Einstein after an unsuccessful attempt to find an error to ask his student and collaborator Ludwig Hopf to check his calculations and arguments . . . Hopf did find an error in the dissertation namely in the derivatives of some velocity components and obtained for a corrected coefficient 2.5 . . .In early 1911 Einstein submitted his correction for publication and recalculated Avogadro's number. He obtained a value of 6.56 x 1023 per mole a value that is close to those derived from kinetic theory and Planck's black-body radiation theory" Duplantier pp. 216-217. Duplantier "Brownian motion 'diverse and undulating'" in Einstein 1905-2005: Poincaré Seminar 2005 pp. 201-293. Pais Subtle is the Lord p. 92. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 41.</p> . unknown
191343305Leipzig & Berlin: Teubner 1913. 38pp. 254 x 170 mm. Original printed wrappers chipped. Library stamps. Very good. First separate edition. "After his first discussions with Grossmann Einstein had found the correct starting point for general relativity. The real work could now begin . . . The Einstein-Grossmann paper published in 1913 contains profound physical insight into the nature of measurement some correct general relativistic equations some faulty reasoning and clumsy notation" Pais Subtle is the Lord p. 216. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 58. Teubner unknown
1915432951915. <p>Einstein Albert 1879-1955 and Wander Johann de Haas 1878-1960. Notiz zu unserer Arbeit "Experimenteller Nachweis der Ampèreschen Molekularströme." Offprint from Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft 17 1915. 1 sheet p. 420. 228 x 156 mm. Original printed wrappers. Fine copy.</p> <p>First Edition Offprint Issue. In 1915 Einstein and Dutch physicist Wander Johannes de Haas conducted gyromagnetic experiments leading to the discovery of the Einstein-de Haas effect which corresponds to the mechanical rotation induced in a ferromagnetic cylinder suspended inside a coil when an impulse of electric current is sent through the coil. Einstein was very enthusiastic about the experimental results stating that he and de Haas had "given firm proof of the existence of Ampère's molecular currents" quoted in Pais Subtle is the Lord pp. 245-246. Einstein and de Haas published their results in a paper published earlier in 1915 see Weil 73; the present "Notiz" is a response to a communication from American physicist Samuel Jackson Barnett who had begun performing similar experiments in 1909 and obtained results complementing those of Einstein and de Haas. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 73n.</p> . unknown
1922432871922. <p>Einstein Albert 1879-1955 and Paul Ehrenfest 1880-1933. Quantentheoretische Bemerkungen zum Experiment von Stern und Gerlach. Offprint from Zeitschrift für Physik 11 1922. 31-34pp. 229 x 155 mm. Original printed self-wrappers. Light toning but fine otherwise. </p> <p>First Edition Offprint Issue. In 1922 the physicists Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach conducted a now-classic experiment in which a beam of silver atoms was streamed through an inharmonious magnetic field in order to observe the atoms' deflection patterns. Rather than a random and continuous distribution as predicted by classical theory the atoms passing through the field were deflected up or down by a specific amount demonstrating that they had intrinsically quantum properties. The Stern-Gerlach experiment corroborated the Bohr-Sommerfeld model of the atom and strongly influenced later developments in 20th century physics. However the experiment also created some serious difficulties for quantum physicists in the period before the rise of the "new" quantum mechanics. </p> <p>Einstein and Ehrenfest addressed one of these difficulties-connected with space quantization-in their joint paper in which </p> <p>"they dealt in particular with the problem of how the orbits of the atom would obtain their discrete directions which they exhibit while passing through the inhomogeneous magnetic field. Under the assumption that the mechanism causing the orientation was provided by the interaction with the radiation field Einstein and Ehrenfest estimated that for a field strength of 10000 G a change in the direction of the orbit would take place in roughly 1011 s; this long time interval would be reduced in the presence of heat radiation at room temperature . . . to about 109 s. How could they asked the experimental situation be explained which implied that the discrete orientations of the orbits in silver atoms were obtained in less than 10-4 s. In order to deal with this evident puzzle Einstein and Ehrenfest proposed two alternatives: first that the silver atoms were always in the states of spatial quantization; second the orientations of the electron orbits arose from an interaction of the atoms with the radiation field which involved much smaller reaction times . . . However they found that both alternatives created considerable difficulties in the understanding of the atomic processes . . . Thus Einstein and Ehrenfest concluded: 'The difficulties mentioned above show how unsatisfactory are both interpretations of the results found by Stern and Gerlach'" Mehra & Rechenberg The Historical Development of Quantum Theory 1 pp. 443-444. </p> <p>Pais Subtle is the Lord p. 328. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 121.</p> . unknown
19191857Berlin: Königlich Akademie der Wissenschaften 1919. First Edition. Fine. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS of one of Einstein's major papers on the modification of general relativity and the beginning of his unified field theory. "As so often the case in relativity the story of quantum gravity begins with Einstein himself. Soon after the final formulation of general relativity he pointed out the need for a quantum modification of the theory. In "Do Gravitational Fields Play an Essential Role in the Structure of the Elementary Particles of Matter" he began to speculate whether gravitation plays a role in the atomistic structure of matter: There are reasons for thinking that the elementary formations which go to make up the atom are held together by gravitational forces. The above reflections show the possibility of a theoretical construction of matter out of the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field alone. "In order to construct such a model of an 'elementary particle' Einstein shows that it is necessary to modify the original gravitational field equations. The major interest of this paper is that his attention now shifted from possible quantum modifications of general relativity to the search for a unified theory of the electromagnetic and gravitational fields on the basis of which he hoped to explain the structure of matter. Quantum effects are to be derived from such a theory rather than postulated ad hoc. Einstein remained committed to this approach for the rest of his life: the search for a 'natural' mathematical extension of the general theory in the hope that such a theory would somehow explain the quantization of matter and energy" Iyer and Bhawal Black Holes Gravitational Radiation and the Universe. IN: Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Vol XX pp. 349-356. Berlin: Akademie der Wissenschafter 1919. Octavo original wrappers; custom box. A tiny bit of edgewear. A FINE COPY. Königlich Akademie der Wissenschaften unknown books
19234609Praze Prague: Fr. Borový 1923 1923. First and only edition of the Czech translation of Einstein's Über die spezielle und die allgemeine Relativitätstheorie first published in German in 1916 with the English translation appearing in 1920. It was intended by Einstein as a brief popular introduction to his theory of relativity. This Czech edition has a special preface by Einstein written for this translation. Einstein worked in Prague for seventeen months in 1911-12 and retained a fondness for the city. 8vo. 210x135mmpp. 103 21bl. Original Blue card wrappers with striking design. Some toning and creasing to edges of wrappers but otherwise in very good condition and excellent internally. Title page has ownership inscription of Robert Knuwehil . This Czech translation is rare OCLC recording only five copies worldwide. Praze [Prague]: Fr. Borový, 1923 unknown
35452Rockport ME: Two Ponds Press 2015. Fine. Number 35 of 75 copies signed and numbered by Joseph Goldyne. Joseph Goldyne was born in 1942 in Chicago IL. He came to prominence as an artist on the West Coast. He has been credited as one of the artists responsible for the rebirth of monotype and monoprint as valuable approaches to art. He is also known for his artist's books often done in collaboration with printer Peter Rutledge Koch. <br /> <br /> From the Prospectus: "Joseph Goldyne brought this project to our attention and the Press was convinced that this little-known oratory by George Bernard Shaw deserved wider recognition one that Goldyne thought a most unexpectedly wondrous and humorous introduction to Albert Einstein perhaps the most transformative and towering figure of the twentieth century. Goldyne's own introduction " An Introduction to an Introduction" speaks to his discovery of Shaw's speech its presentation Shaw's record of condemning anti-Semitism and his public support for Einstein. The full text of Shaw's speech is reprinted together with Einstein's response delivered in German and printed here in English translation. Goldyne illustrates the volume with five drypoint etchings created especially for this publication. They pay tribute to the featured speakers as well as to the sense of the event." <br /> <br /> Beautifully bound in cream paper covered boards with gilt dotted rulings and ornament on front cover of circle with initials "SE" in its center. Gray leather spine and trim along front edges with gilt titling on spine. Printed in Monotype Bembo and Gill Sans types on paper handmade at the Velké Losiny mill in the Czech Republic. Letterpress printing by Arthur Larson at Horton Tank Graphics with additional hand composition by Rose Ku'ulealoha Wisotzky. Design and typography planned by Michael Russem Housed in a slipcase covered in dark red cloth with "SE" symbol on spine. Accompanied by prospectus. A lovely book in fine condition. Measures 6.5 x 10 inches. 39 pages. PRI/112321. Two Ponds Press unknown
192234667(Berlin, Julius Springer, 1922-24). 8vo. In: ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Vol. 10 (pp. 377 ff.),Vol.11 (pp.326), vol.16 (pp.228), vol.21 (pp.326-332). The entire four volumes offered here. Contemporary half cloth bindings.
192249429Berlin, Julius Springer, 1922-24. 8vo. 4 contemporary half cloth binding: two in uniform half green cloth and two en uniform grey/blue half cloth. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 10, 11, 16 & 21. Entire volumes offered. All volumes with stamp to title page and front free end paper, otherwise a fine and clean set. [Friedmann:] Bd. 10: Pp. 377-386" Bd. 21: P.p. 326-332. [Einstein:] Bd. 11:P. 326" Bd. 16: P. 228.
192234667Berlin Julius Springer 1922-24. 8vo. In: "Zeitschrift für Physik" Vol. 10 pp. 377 ff.Vol.11 pp.326 vol.16 pp.228 vol.21 pp.326-332. The entire four volumes offered here. Contemporary half cloth bindings. <br/><br/><em>Two landmark papers in the history of cosmology: All first editions. In 'Über die Krümmung des Raumes' Friedman derived the non-stationary solutions to Einstein's field equations. Einstein quickly responded in a short comment 'Bemerkung' in which he expressed his suspicion of such a model of the Universe and apparently pointed out an error in Friedman's calculations. However Friedman now wrote a letter to Einstein in which he enclosed his full calculations. Shortly after this Einstein submitted a short notice Notiz in which he admitted that he himself had performed a calculation error and that Friedman's solutions which shed new light on the matter were valid. Friedman's expanding universe model was corroborated by Edwin Hubble's red-shift observations in 1929. In 'Über die Möglichkeit einer Welt mit konstanter negativer Krümmung des Raumes' Friedman derived the Friedman-equations and demonstrated that he had command of all three Friedman-models describing positive zero and negative curvature respectively nearly a decade before the independent discoveries of the same models by Lemaître Robertson and Walker. </em> hardcover
192249429Berlin Julius Springer 1922-24. 8vo. 4 contemporary half cloth binding: two in uniform half green cloth and two en uniform grey/blue half cloth. In "Zeitschrift für Physik" Bd. 10 11 16 & 21. Entire volumes offered. All volumes with stamp to title page and front free end paper otherwise a fine and clean set. Friedmann: Bd. 10: Pp. 377-386; Bd. 21: P.p. 326-332. Einstein: Bd. 11:P. 326; Bd. 16: P. 228. <br/><br/><em>First printing of these four landmark paper in which Friedman "introduced into cosmology two concepts of revolutionary importance the age og the world and the creation of the world" Kragh Cosmology and Controversy. "In his paper of 1922 Friedmann offered a complete analysis of the solutions of Einstein's cosmological field equations that went beyond the earlier solutions of Einstein and de Sitter as it also included nonstatic solutions. Friedmann did so clearly and explicitly: "The purpose of this note" he wrote "is firstly to show that the cylindrical Einsteinand spherical de Sitter worlds are special cases of more general assumptions and secondly to demonstrate the possibility of a world in which the curvature of space is independent of the three spatial coordinates but does on time".Ibid.In 'Über die Krümmung des Raumes' Friedman derived the non-stationary solutions to Einstein's field equations. Einstein quickly responded in a short comment 'Bemerkung' in which he expressed his suspicion of such a model of the Universe and apparently pointed out an error in Friedman's calculations. However Friedman now wrote a letter to Einstein in which he enclosed his full calculations. Shortly after this Einstein submitted a short notice Notiz in which he admitted that he himself had performed a calculation error and that Friedman's solutions which shed new light on the matter were valid. Friedman's expanding universe model was corroborated by Edwin Hubble's red-shift observations in 1929. In 'Über die Möglichkeit einer Welt mit konstanter negativer Krümmung des Raumes' Friedman derived the Friedman-equations and demonstrated that he had command of all three Friedman-models describing positive zero and negative curvature respectively nearly a decade before the independent discoveries of the same models by Lemaître Robertson and Walker. "Friedmann made a valuable contribution to Einstein's general theory of relativity. As always his interest was not limited simply to familiarizing himself with this new field of science but led to his own remarkable investigations. Friedmann's work on the theory of relativity dealt with one of its most difficult questions the cosmological problem. In his paper "Über die Krümmung des Raumes" 1922 he outlined the fundamental ideas of his cosmology: the supposition concerning the homogeneity of the distribution of matter in space and the consequent homogence of "world" time for which at any moment in time the metrics of space will be identical at all points and in all directions. This theory is especially important because it leads to a sufficiently correct explanation of the fundamental phenomenon known as the "red shift." This solution of the Einstein field equations obtained from the above propositions is the model for any homogeneous and isotropic cosmological theory. It is interesting to note that Einstein thought that the cosmological solution to the equations of a field had to be static and had to lead to a closed model of the universe. Friedmann discarded both conditions and arrived at an independent solution. Einstein welcomed Friedmann's results because they showed the dispensability of the ad hoc cosmological term Einstein had been forced to introduce into the basic field equation of general relativity". DSB. Weil 122 & 130. </em> hardcover
195032820550<p>This photograph shows a reunion of friends. The Sternbergers and Einstein had known one other in Europe and met again in Princeton. Ilse was Sternberger's wife collaborator and perennial foil. She was a constant source of warmth during sometimes-contentious sittings. She also helped document their life publishing several articles on Sternberger's work and their sessions with famous sitters after his death.</p><br /><p>Gelatin silver print 20 x 30 in. Archivally framed. Estate Edition a limited edition of 10 copies embossed and numbered.</p><br /><p><b>$2500 unframed; framed: $3000 </b></p>
1932623893New York: Frederick A. Stokes 1932. Hardcover. Fine/Very Good. First edition. Introduction by Stanley Walker. Octavo. 261pp. Fine in very good or better dust jacket with modest shallow chipping mostly on the spine ends and several small tears. One of the great accounts of prohibition and law enforcement described on the jacket as "the startling and humorous disclosures of America's most famous prohibition agent." The printed dedication is "To the 4932 persons I arrested hoping they bear me no grudge for having done my duty." Einstein describes himself in the book and on the jacket as a "Former Prohibition Sleuth. Jackie Gleason played Einstein in the 1985 TV movie Izzy & Moe alongside Art Carney in their final screen appearance together as his partner Agent Moe Smith. Exceptionally uncommon in jacket; we've only seen one other copy thus. Frederick A. Stokes hardcover
191719286Leipzig: S. Hirzel 1917. FIRST EDITION. Contemporary half cloth and marbled boards preserved in a morocco slipcase. An excellent clean copy. First edition of this classic work on the quantum theory of radiation by Einstein in which he predicts the existence of the phenomenon of stimulated emission of radiation. He here analyzes the properties of photons and demonsrtrtes that Planck’s law is directly deducible from quantum theory and the concept of transition probabilities. Four decades later MASER and LASER devices are operated to prove him right.<br /> <br /> Boni 95; Weil 91. S. Hirzel unknown
190750595Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. In contemporary full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 23. Entire volume offered. Ex-libris pasted on to top right corner of pasted down front free end-paper. Light rubbing to extremities, a very fine and clean copy (not an ex-library copy). Pp.371-384. [Entire volume: VIII, 1000 pp. + 4 plates].
190747457Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Title-and tomelabels with gilt lettering. Slightly rubbed. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 23. VIII,1000 pp. a. 4 plates. (The entire volume offered). Einstein's paper: pp.371-384. A small stamp on titlepage (Gmelin.Institut.). Internally clean and fine.
190750595Leibzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1907. 8vo. In contemporary full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Annalen der Physik" Vierte Folge Band 23. Entire volume offered. Ex-libris pasted on to top right corner of pasted down front free end-paper. Light rubbing to extremities a very fine and clean copy not an ex-library copy. Pp.371-384. Entire volume: VIII 1000 pp. 4 plates. <br/><br/><em>First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's landmark energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography vol. 4 pp.323 for examples. However in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' the offered paper which predates the former mentioned by six months Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2 and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content e.g. that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' the offered paper Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein "Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"" pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18.Collected Works Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19. </em> hardcover
190747457Leibzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1907. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Title-and tomelabels with gilt lettering. Slightly rubbed. In "Annalen der Physik" Vierte Folge Band 23. VIII1000 pp. a. 4 plates. The entire volume offered. Einstein's paper: pp.371-384. A small stamp on titlepage Gmelin.Institut. Internally clean and fine. <br/><br/><em>First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography vol. 4 pp.323 for examples. However in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' the offered paper which predates the former mentioned by six months Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2 and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content e.g. that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' the offered paper Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein "Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"" pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18.Collected Works Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19. </em> unknown
191344851Leipzig & Berlin: Teubner 1913. 38pp. 254 x 170 mm. Original printed wrappers chipped. Library stamps ownership inscription. Very good. First separate edition. "After his first discussions with Grossmann Einstein had found the correct starting point for general relativity. The real work could now begin . . . The Einstein-Grossmann paper published in 1913 contains profound physical insight into the nature of measurement some correct general relativistic equations some faulty reasoning and clumsy notation" Pais Subtle is the Lord p. 216. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 58. Teubner unknown books
195046543[1950]. 8vo. Original proof-copy (of the latest stage, presumably final proof, in the same format as the printed version and with no corrections), printed on rectos and versos. Stapled twice in left margin. A few marginal creases. A (proof-) number to upper left corner in red ink (297). Pp. 109-148 + tipped-in errata slip at p. 147.
1950465431950. 8vo. Original proof-copy of the latest stage presumably final proof in the same format as the printed version and with no corrections printed on rectos and versos. Stapled twice in left margin. A few marginal creases. A proof- number to upper left corner in red ink 297. Pp. 109-148 tipped-in errata slip at p. 147. <br/><br/><em>Very rare original proof-copy of the two highly important appendices for Einstein's "The Meaning of Relativity" third edition 1950 the second appendix being one of the most important pieces Einstein ever wrote namely the appendix "in which he described his most recent work on unification" Pais and the work which was hailed by The New York Times under the heading "New Einstein theory gives a master key to the universe". The first appendix which appeared for the second edition of the work remained unchanged throughout the history of "the Meaning of Relativity" and was written because "Since the first edition of this little book some advances have been made in the theory of relativity. . The first step forward is the conclusive demonstration of the existence of the red shift of the spectral lines by the negative gravitational potential of the place of origin" . A second step forward which will be mentioned briefly concerns the law of motion of a gravitating body." . A third step forward concerning the so-called "cosmologic problem" wiil be considered here in detail." pp. 109-10. The present 40 pages constitute the final proof-copy of the entire appendices I and II to the Generalized Theory of Gravitation exactly as they appeared in the third edition Princeton in 1950. Einstein's "The Meaning of Relativity" was originally published in 1922 on the basis of his "Vier Vorlesungen ueber Relativitetstheorie" given at Princeton in 1921. A second edition with an appendix appendix I appeared in 1945 several issues and editions of this appeared also and in 1949 the third edition with the seminal Appendix II printed for the first time appears also appeared in 1950 in Princeton. In 1950 a revised edition of the third edition appears having Appendix II slightly revised and in 1953 the heavily revised fourth edition appears. THIS IS THE PROOF-COPY OF APPENDICES I AND II FOR THE "THIRD EDITION INCLUDING THE GENERALIZED THEORY OF GRAVITATION" PRINCETON 1950. The main focus of the work throughout all these editions of the work since 1949 is Appendix II which deals with Einstein's main interest the generalization of the Gravitation Theory which was to unite the general theory of relativity with electromagnetism recovering an approximation for quantum theory and presenting us with a theory to explain the universe as a unified entity the ultimate goal for the greatest physicist that ever lived. "This was Einstein's ultimate response to the mechanical-electromagnetic crisis in physical theory he had first talked about in the opening of his 1905 light quantum-paper." Nandor in D.S.B. p. 330. It was indeed Einstein's aim to provide an explanation of the universe through his unified field theory although he was well aware that his sort of field theory might not exist. However even the establishing of the non-existence of it could bring us closer to an explanation than we had ever been before. There is no topic of greater importance to Einstein than his theory of unification. "In 1949 Einstein wrote a new appendix for the third edition of his "The Meaning of Relativity" in which he described his most recent work on unification. It was none of his doing that a page of his manuscript appeared on the front page of "The New York Times" under the heading "New Einstein theory gives a master key to the universe". He refused to see reporters and asked Helen Dukas to relay this message to them: "Come back and see me in twenty years"." Pais p. 350. </em> unknown
190753408Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Slightly rubbed and light wear to spineends. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 23. VIII,1000 pp. a. 4 plates. (The entire volume offered). Einstein's paper: pp.371-384. Stamps on titlepage (Allgemeine Electricitäts-Gesellschaft a. AEG Forschungsinstitut). Internally clean.
