Newton [Isaac]Biblio.com
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180211944Paris: Chez Bernard 1802. 2 volumes bound as one. First French edition. Extensively illustrated with folding engraved diagrams of geometric problems. 4to contemporary calf with gilt tooling on covers and spine. Red morocco lettering panel. Gilt stamp of the “Prix du College Royal D’Henry IV†on both covers. xxiv 252; 258 errata1 ad. A fine especially bright copy with a small tear to upper spine. A VERY SCARCE ISSUE OF THESE IMPORTANT MATHEMATICAL LECTURES. These algebraic lectures given by Newton at Cambridge were first published by William Whiston in 1707. Whiston “extracted from Newton a somewhat reluctant permission to print it. Among several new theorems on various points in algebra and the theory of equations Newton here enunciates the following important results. He explains that the equation whose roots are a solution of a given problem will have as many roots as their are different probable cases.He extends Descartes rules of signs to give limits to the number of imaginary roots.The most interesting theorem contained in the work is his attempt to find a rule analogous to that of Descartes for real roots by which the number of imaginary roots of a equation can be determined.†Later with the idea of stimulating annotations to the work Gravedsande published SPECIMIN COMMENTARII IN ARITHMETICAM UNIVERSLAEM; and Maclaurins’s ALGEBRA seems to have been written in response to this. Chez Bernard unknown
1769102661Londres W. Johnston, 1769, in-8, VIII-536-[2]-63-[3] pp. 8 pl, Demi-veau à coins brun, filets à froid sur les plats, dos à nerfs orné de frises à froid, Troisième édition de la traduction anglaise de Mr. Ralphson, révisée et corrigée Mr. Cunn, annotée par le révérend Theaker Wilder et augmentée d'un traité sur les mesures de ratio de James Maguire. L'originale a d'abord paru en latin en 1707 et la première traduction anglais en 1720. Elle est illustrée de 8 planches dépliantes reliées in fine. Cette édition fut mise au point par le commentateur Theaker Wilder à l'usage de ses élèves dublinois. À l'origine, ce petit traité abordant l'algèbre et la solution des équations a paru sans le nom de son illustre auteur et provient de ses leçons professées de 1673 à 1683 alors qu'il est professeur de mathématiques à Cambridge. Son successeur à ce poste n'est autre que William Whiston, traducteur de la première édition anglaise. Newton y donne notamment, sans démonstration, son interprétation de la règle des signes de Descartes pour obtenir le nombre de racines réelles d'un polynôme. Il faudra attendre 1865 pour que le mathématicien anglais James Joseph Sylvester en fasse la démonstration après que nombres de mathématiciens, et parmi eux Euler, s'y soient essayés en vain. Peu commun. Reliure restaurée, frottements et épidermures, quelques taches et rousseurs éparses. Ex-libris manuscrit Richard M. Elligott; ex-libris manuscrit Peter Villeneuve[?]; ex-libris manuscrit Cavanagh Wilder [? un parent du commentateur de l'ouvrage ?]. Gray, 286; Babson, 203. Couverture rigide
1968143730Berkeley: Berkley Graphics Arts 1968. Collection of five vintage bumper stickers from the 1968 political campaigns run via a collaboration between the Black Panthers and the Peace and Freedom Party. <br /> <br /> Each of the stickers were made for various Peace and Freedom Party political campaigns including: Mario Savio for California state senator Black Panther founders Huey Newton and Bobby Seale and Eldridge Cleaver for president and two stickers simply advertising the Peace and Freedom Party itself. <br /> <br /> In 1968 the Black Panthers would move away from direct actions including their legendary confrontations with the Berkeley police department and briefly into the political sphere when they joined forces with the PFP a left-wing anti-war party advocating Black liberation women's liberation and LGBTQ rights. The campaigns were largely seen as political statements as Cleaver was a convicted felon and technically ineligible for the presidency due to his being under the age of 35 by the time of inauguration and as Newton and Seale were on trial at the time repeatedly being denied their civil liberties. <br /> <br /> All items rare each with original peel-off paper backing and each between 4 x 13.5 an 4 x 15 inches. Near Fine and unused with light soil on two of the stickers and rubber stamp for the "Lancaster County Peace & Freedom Movement Organizing Committee" on the verso of one sticker. A few of these rear peel-off panels have come loose due to dryness but most are intact and the bumper stickers themselves are unaffected. Berkley Graphics Arts unknown
1968List905Emoryville: Black Panther Party for Self Defence 1968. First Edition. 23 x 35 inches linen backed. A particularly nice example professionally mounted. Fine. In one of the Black Panthers' most iconic images Minister of Culture Huey Newton sits in a chair with a shotgun and a spear a pile of spent shotgun cartridges on a zebra skin rug beneath him. The image is credited to Blair Stapp and was composed by Eldridge Cleaver. The full text on the lower left margin reads "'The racist dog policemen must withdraw immediately from our communities cease their wanton murder and brutality and torture of black people or face the wrath of the armed people.' / Huey P. Newton Minister of Defence.". Black Panther Party for Self Defence unknown books
199319117EMunich: Schirmer / Mosel 1993. First Edition - Paperbound. From the library of the great film director and art collector Billy Wilder signed and inscribed by the author / photographer Helmut Newton to Mr. Wilder. Inscribed on the title page: “For Billy with love and admiration. Helmut. 4.1.1996.†An illustrated catalogue issued to accompany an exhibit of color and black & white photographs by Helmut Newton focused mainly on his fashion and nude photography as well as portraits cityscapes night scenes and ballet images. Including photographs of Darryl Hannah Anita Ekberg Leni Riefenstahl Francois Sagan Karl Lagerfeld Grace Jones Catherine Deneuve Jodie Foster Princess Caroline of Monaco Birgit Nielsen etc. Fine bright copy in printed wrappers. Billy Wilder’s legendary status in Hollywood as a director screenwriter and producer includes such classic films as Ninotchka Sunset Boulevard Double Indemnity The Lost Weekend Stalag 17 Some Like it Hot The Seven Year Itch The Apartment and The Fortune Cookie. Schirmer / Mosel unknown books
2305Engraved vignette on title & 13 folding engraved plates. Title printed in red & black. 4 p.l. 344 pp. Large 4to cont. Dutch vellum over boards lower cover a little soiled final ten leaves with faint marginal dampstain panelled in blind central panel of each cover with large arabesque stamped in blind. Leyden: J. & H. Verbeek 1732. The Leyden edition the first to be edited by 'Gravesande and with additional treatises by Halley Colson DeMoivre Maclaurin and Campbell. There is also an Appendix "De Solutione et Constructione Aequationum Scripta Varia" excerpted from the Phil. Trans. Fine copy. Bookplate and signature of Karen Figala the historian of science. ❧ Babson 204. hardcover books
1679241546London: Passinger 1679. hardcover. very good. 14 folding plates. Rubricated title small 8vo contemporary blindruled calf rebacked. London: Thomas Passinger 1679. First Edition. A very good copy.<br/><br/> John Newton 1622-1678 was a mathematics teacher and rector of the mathematuics school at Ross Herefordshire. His Work includes sections on surveying measuring solids astronomy and geography. The preface stresses the need for mathematics as part of general education. From the library of Harrison D. Horblitt with his bookplate. Wing N-1055.<br/><br/> Passinger unknown books
199319117EMunich: Schirmer / Mosel 1993. First Edition - Paperbound. From the library of the great film director and art collector Billy Wilder signed and inscribed by the author / photographer Helmut Newton to Mr. Wilder. Inscribed on the title page: “For Billy with love and admiration. Helmut. 4.1.1996.†An illustrated catalogue issued to accompany an exhibit of color and black & white photographs by Helmut Newton focused mainly on his fashion and nude photography as well as portraits cityscapes night scenes and ballet images. Including photographs of Darryl Hannah Anita Ekberg Leni Riefenstahl Francois Sagan Karl Lagerfeld Grace Jones Catherine Deneuve Jodie Foster Princess Caroline of Monaco Birgit Nielsen etc. Fine bright copy in printed wrappers. Billy Wilder’s legendary status in Hollywood as a director screenwriter and producer includes such classic films as Ninotchka Sunset Boulevard Double Indemnity The Lost Weekend Stalag 17 Some Like it Hot The Seven Year Itch The Apartment and The Fortune Cookie. Schirmer / Mosel unknown
2021132043Cambridge University Press. New. 2021. Hardcover. 1108954227 . - IN STOCK AND IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE FOR SHIPMENT - BRAND NEW FLAWLESS COPY - with a bonus offer--; 7.7 X 2.8 X 11.6 inches; 1080 pages . Cambridge University Press hardcover
63984London: Published by Wm. Newton October 1855. Original large decorative lithographed plan of London 106.5 x 141 cm printed in red and black with original partial hand-colour sectionalised and backed onto linen together with the accompanying book pp.x120 in the original publisher's binding of brown cloth gilt the pair housed in modern brown cloth portfolio preserving original upper cover with gilt title. Some light toning along folds generally an excellent example of this impressive plan of London during the reign of King Henry VIII. The book is titled: 'London in the Olden Time. Being a Topographical and Historical Memoir of London Westminster and Southward accompanying a Pictorial Map of the City and its Suburbs as the existed in the Reign of Henry VIII. before the Dissolution of Monasteries. Compiled from Ancient Documents and other Authentic Sources by William Newton Author of a Display of Heraldry' London: Published for the Author by Bell and Daldy 1855. London: Published by Wm. Newton, October 1855. hardcover
1720102659Amsterdam, Humbert, 1720, , 2 vol. in-12 : XV-[1]-228 pp. + [2] pp. 331 à 583 pp. [17] pp. 12 pl, Demi-basane marbrée havane de Lobstein-Laurenchet, dos à nerfs orné de caissons dorés, pièce de titre rouge, Édition originale de la traduction depuis l'anglais par M. Coste, faite sur la seconde édition augmentée par l'auteur. Elle est illustrée de 12 planches dépliantes, reliées in fine du 2nd volume. La pagination est continue sur les 2 tomes mais chacun possède sa propre page de titre. Newton commence la rédaction de ce traité alors qu'il est encore étudiant à Cambridge et en termine la rédaction autour de 1665-1666. Il y explore notamment le spectre des couleurs, sa nature, ses réactions et ses différentes modifications autant par le prisme de la théorie mathématique que celui de l'expérimentation. L'ouvrage connaît une grande répercussion à sa publication tant chez ses détracteurs que ses admirateurs et sera maintes fois réédité et traduit. Petits frottements, restaurations de l'angle inférieur du f. *2 au premier vol, dans l'angle supérieur des ff. O7 et O8, aux pl. 2, 4, 8, 10 et 12, quelques rousseurs et taches éparses. Ex-libris manuscrits Esparron et P. Morel au titre . Babson, 139; PMM, 172; Gray, 186; Dictionary of National biography, XII, p. 275 : "His translations were of durable service and helped to introduce english thought to the French of the eighteenth century." Couverture rigide
170208586Oxoniae Oxford: Sheldonian Theatre 1702. First Edition. The first astronomical book on gravitational principles; important because it contains the first publication of Isaac Newton's Lunar Theory "Lunae Theoria" pp. 332-336. The rather lengthy Preface contains Newton's Classical Scholia." Folio 14 1/8" x 9 1/2" 124942. bound in contemporary full paneled calf rebacked to style with red leather label on spine; with a plethora of diagrams in the text and a fine engraving on the title page. A lovely wide-margined copy printed on laid paper. First several leaves with light marginal dampstain affecting only a few words of text; small chip at foot of FFEP; discreet archival repair to gutter and lower part of title page; page 237 with light marginal soiling. David Gregory 1659 - 1708 was a close friend and associate of Isaac Newton. Babson 71. <br/><br/> Sheldonian Theatre hardcover books
1728117773London: Printed for J. Senex W. and J. Innys J. Osborne and T. Longman 1728. 2nd Edition. Hardcover. Very Good. London Printed for J. Senex W. and J. Innys J. Osborne and T. Longman 1728 'Second Edition very much Corrected'/ 1720 first edition in English/ 1707 first edition in Latin. Octavo iv half-title and title leaves versos blank iv 271 1 publisher's advertisement pages plus 8 full-page plates. Early full polished calf decorated in blind on the sides later expertly recornered and rebacked retaining the original gilt-decorated spine with two contrasting leather title-labels; leather a little unevenly discoloured and rubbed with minor loss to the polished surface of the spine; scattered foxing moderate in places; plates offset; tiny blemish to the bottom margin of one plate a paper flaw well clear of the printed surface; trifling signs of age and use a shallow crease to the bottom corner-tip of the last ten leaves is about the extent of it; overall an excellent copy. The eight plates normally found with a small folding section are bound into this copy in an unfolded state by the simple expedient of having the narrow left-hand border of the printed surface of each plate deep in the gutter. The border is visible in four instances and although the border cannot be seen on the other four plates all of the other printed plate surface is visible. Interestingly the plates show no evidence of ever having been folded. Babson 202. Printed for J. Senex, W. and J. Innys, J. Osborne, and T. Longman hardcover
1940List1819V.P. 1940. With fifty-eight letters from Newton Baker 1924-1937. Generally fine condition. Ellen Gowen Hood was active in the Democratic party at both the local and national levels. An obituary from the Philadelphia Daily News in 1970 described her as “one of the earliest local advocates of women in politics.†She was the chairman of the Democratic Women’s Luncheon Club of Philadelphia for 20 years and had regular correspondence with women such as Edith Bolling Wilson and Eleanor Roosevelt. <br /> <br /> Democratic women’s clubs became active across the country after the 19th amendment passed in 1920 and the democratic party sought to mobilize women voters. As chairman of the Democratic Women’s Luncheon Club of Philadelphia Hood organized events with prominent political speakers and then had the speeches printed in book format. Without Hood’s side of the correspondence we don’t get insight into her philosophy of women’s participation in politics. We do however get a sense for the role that the club played in the Democratic Party. Baker was a periodic guest of the luncheon club and in his letters he praised the organization saying “I think I have never addressed a more intelligent or obviously influential audience†and "I think there is no more useful forum anywhere. They print the addresses made at their luncheons and give them a wide circulation throughout the country so that their pamphlets are now in libraries and in the hands of studious and thoughtful people everywhere." As an avid supporter of Wilsonian ideas and the League of Nations Hood’s political intention with the club seems more focused on bringing speakers that would highlight those causes than specifically speaking to women’s participation in politics.<br /> <br /> The letters from Baker to Hood reveal their shared political beliefs and goals. Their letters are ongoing conversations about the League of Nations and the World Court; the Democratic Conventions in 1924 1928 and 1932; and how democrats should govern following the Great Depression and prohibition. Baker frequently recommends essays and speeches for Hood to read and also helps connect her with potential speakers for the Luncheon Club. He addresses her as a political peer and we also get a sense of her professional persistence and savvy -- in nearly every letter for twenty years Baker responds to her requests for him to come and speak at the club.<br /> <br /> The letters give insight into Baker’s political beliefs as they evolve through the 1920s and 1930s. In the 20s-30s he writes as his thinking on the League of Nations changes from strongly feeling that the United States should join to discouraging it until there is complete support. In one letter Baker describes in confidence one of the only times he disagreed with President Wilson as Secretary of War -- when Wilson sent American troops to North Russia at the end of World War I. In a few memorable letters from 1932 Baker writes about his experience of the 1932 democratic convention and his sense of relief when he was not chosen for nomination.<br /> <br /> The letters also exhibit Baker’s writing style and his tendency to wax poetic about democratic politics. For example speaking about the limitations of the Democratic Party he writes “The trouble about it all is that nobody has yet invented anything better for the long run and the steady pull than democracy and so we just have to be patient with it as we are with the small misdoings of our children and take our joy out of the sure forecast of their fine performance when they have matured.â€<br /> <br /> Other correspondences in the collection include letters from Edith Bolling Wilson Eleanor Roosevelt Secretary of State Cordell Hull historian and diplomat Claude Bowers and Bess Truman. There are also several letters from Ralph Hayes Baker’s wartime secretary in the war department and a central figure in Baker’s 1932 presidential campaign. These letters go into detail about Baker’s role at the 1932 convention his legacy on labor issues and a rumor that he was Jewish.<br /> <br /> Overall the collection provides insight into Democratic Women’s Clubs of the period. We suspect the Baker letters to exist in duplicate at his archive but the collection still provides a succinct opportunity for research on the subject. <br /> <br /> Please contact us for a full inventory. unknown
1760RW1581Geneva:: Sumptibus Cl. & Ant. Philibert 1760. 1760. 3 volumes. 4to. xxxii 548; viii 422; 8 xxviii 703 1 pp. Half-titles woodcut title vignettes title printed in red & black woodcut head & tail pieces numerous mathematical figs. index. Contemporary mottled calf raised bands gilt-stamped spines maroon & green spine labels; occasional browning. Ownership signature "Nolland avocat"auvcat. An excellent set. Very good . Second Jesuit edition emended and corrected based on the text of the third London edition of the Principia. This version is valued for its excellent annotations and copious commentary which is nearly the same length as the Principia itself. It contains Newton's Dedication to the Royal Society; Prefaces to the first second and third editions and Roger Cotes's Preface. In addition the Jesuits' edition of the Principia is prized for the inclusion of the important treatises on the theory of the tides: Daniel Bernoulli's Traite sur le Flux et Reflux de la Mer Colin MacLaurin's De Causa Physica Fluxus et Refluxus Maris and Leonardo Euler's Inquisitio Physica in causam Fluxus ac Refluxus Maris. These three works gained the prize given by the Royal Academy of Sciences in 1724 for resolving tidal problems relating to the theory of gravity. They represent the most significant discovery concerning tidal mechanics between the publication of the Principia and the discoveries of Laplace. REFERENCES: Babson 31; Gray 14; Wallis 14. Sumptibus Cl. & Ant. Philibert, 1760. hardcover books
1760SW1581Geneva:: Sumptibus Cl. & Ant. Philibert 1760. 1760. 3 volumes. 4to. xxxii 548; viii 422; 8 xxviii 703 1 pp. Half-titles woodcut title vignettes title printed in red & black woodcut head & tail pieces numerous mathematical figs. index. Contemporary mottled calf raised bands gilt-stamped spines maroon & green spine labels; occasional browning. Ownership signature "Nolland avocat"auvcat. An excellent set. Very good . Second Jesuit edition emended and corrected based on the text of the third London edition of the Principia. This version is valued for its excellent annotations and copious commentary which is nearly the same length as the Principia itself. It contains Newton's Dedication to the Royal Society; Prefaces to the first second and third editions and Roger Cotes's Preface. In addition the Jesuits' edition of the Principia is prized for the inclusion of the important treatises on the theory of the tides: Daniel Bernoulli's Traite sur le Flux et Reflux de la Mer Colin MacLaurin's De Causa Physica Fluxus et Refluxus Maris and Leonardo Euler's Inquisitio Physica in causam Fluxus ac Refluxus Maris. These three works gained the prize given by the Royal Academy of Sciences in 1724 for resolving tidal problems relating to the theory of gravity. They represent the most significant discovery concerning tidal mechanics between the publication of the Principia and the discoveries of Laplace. REFERENCES: Babson 31; Gray 14; Wallis 14. Sumptibus Cl. & Ant. Philibert, 1760. hardcover books
1679323256London: Thomas Passinger 1679. hardcover. Illustrated with 14 folding plates. Rubricated title. 16 512 14 pages. Small thick 8vo contemporary blind-ruled calf re-backed in brown leather with red spine label well-rubbed. London: Thomas Passinger 1679. First edition. A very good copy of this unusual book with some light foxing throughout. From the library of Harrison D. Horblitt with his bookplate. --Wing N-1055.<br/> <br/> Early English pedagogical treatise on mathematics. John Newton 1622-1678 was a mathematics teacher and rector of the mathematics school at Ross Herefordshire. Designed as a practical guide on the instruction of mathematics the work includes sections on surveying geometry and astronomy and geography as well as tables to determine area and other calculations. The preface stresses the need for mathematics as part of general education.<br/> <br/> Thomas Passinger unknown
17405802Paris: De Bure l'aine 1740. First edition. <p>First edition in French of Newton's first exposition of his fluxional calculus translated with a long and impotant preface by the celebrated naturalist Comte de Buffon. Originally written in 1671 in Latin this was Newton's first comprehensive presentation of his method of fluxions which according to Hall 'might have effected a mathematical revolution in its own day' Philosophers at War pp. 65-6. It should properly be placed first in the great trilogy of Newton's major works: Fluxions Principia 1687 and Opticks 1704.</p>. BUFFON'S TRANSLATION OF NEWTON'S EXPOSITION OF CALCULUS. <p>First edition in French of Newton's first exposition of his fluxional calculus translated with a long and important preface by the celebrated naturalist Comte de Buffon. Originally written in 1671 in Latin this was Newton's first comprehensive presentation of his method of fluxions which according to Hall 'might have effected a mathematical revolution in its own day' Philosophers at War pp. 65-6. It should properly be placed first in the great trilogy of Newton's major works: Fluxions Principia 1687 and Opticks 1704. Newton's Methodus fluxionum remained unpublished until its English translation by John Colson in 1736. In it he presents a method of determining the magnitudes of finite quantities by the velocities of their generating motions. At its time of preparation it was Newton's fullest exposition of the fundamental problem of the calculus in which he presented his successful general method. Newton prepared this treatise just before his death. The autograph manuscript which survives in Cambridge University Library was entrusted to Henry Pemberton after Newton's death but he did not publish it. John Colson 1680-1760 based his translation on a copy of Newton's original manuscript made by William Jones. Both Newton's manuscript and Jones's copy lack a title page and it is unknown what title if any Newton gave to the manuscript. The title 'De methodus fluxionum' originates with Colson. In the preface Colson writes "I thought it highly injurious to the memory and reputation of our own nation that so curious and useful a piece should be any longer suppressed." Buffon translated Colson's edition in 1737 and added his lengthy preface the following year. The most interesting part of the preface is that dealing with the conception of the infinite and the metaphysical errors to which it leads. This includes a discussion of Berkeley's The analyst 1734 which oddly he criticizes although Berkeley's conclusions are very similar to his own.</p> <br /> <p>Provenance: Eugène Brand signature on title dated 1890.</p> <br /> <p>Newton wrote three accounts of the calculus. The composition of the first a tract entitled 'De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas' resulted from Newton's reception from Isaac Barrow in the early months of 1669 of a copy of Mercator's Logarithmotechnia a work which contained the series for log1 x. The work in which Newton demonstrated his much more general methods of infinite series was not published until 1711 when William Jones included it along with a number of other tracts in his Analysis per quantitatum series. In 'De analysi' however Newton "did not explicitly make use of the fluxionary notation or idea. Instead he used the infinitely small both geometrically and analytically in a manner similar to that found in Barrow and Fermat and extended its applicability by the use of the binomial theorem. . It will be noticed that although the work of Newton contains the essential procedures of the calculus the justification of these is not clear from the explanation he gave. Newton did not point out by what right the terms involving powers of o were to be dropped out of the calculation any more than Fermat or Barrow . His contribution was that of facilitating the operations rather than of clarifying the conceptions. As Newton himself admitted in this work his method is 'shortly explained rather than accurately demonstrated'" Boyer The Concept of Calculus p.191.</p> <br /> <p>It was first in 'Methodus fluxionum' that "Newton introduced his characteristic notation and conceptions. Here he regarded his variable quantities as generated by the continuous motion of points lines and planes rather than as aggregates of infinitesimal elements the view which had appeared in 'De analysi'. . In the 'Methodus fluxionum' Newton stated clearly the fundamental problem of the calculus: the relation of quantities being given to find the relation of the fluxions of these; and conversely" ibid. pp. 192-3.</p> <br /> <p>In Newton's third exposition De quadratura which was composed some twenty years after 'Methodus fluxionum' and published as an appendix to the Opticks "Newton sought to remove all traces of the infinitely small" ibid.</p> <br /> <p>"It was often lamented that the world had had to wait so many years to see Newton's masterpiece on fluxions. It is astonishing to realize that publication sixty years beforehand would have changed the history of the calculus and would have avoided for Newton any controversy over priority. In 1736 all the results contained in Newton's treatise were well known to mathematicians. However it was too concise for a beginner and Colson added almost 200 pages of explanatory notes. His commentary contributed to the establishment of a kinematical approach to the problem of foundations. In his explanatory notes Colson presents the 'geometrical and Mechanical Elements of Fluxions'. He writes:</p> <br /> <p>'The foregoing Principles of the Doctrine of Fluxions being chiefly abstracted and Analytical. I shall here endeavour after a general manner to shew something analogous to them in Geometry and Mechanicks: by which they may become not only the object of the Understanding and of the Imagination which will only prove their possible existence but even of Sense too by making them actually to exist in a visible and sensible form'.</p> <br /> <p>"Colson was convinced that by using moving diagrams it is possible to exhibit 'Fluxions and Fluents Geometrically and Mechanically . so as to make them the objects of Sense and ocular Demonstration'. The motivation for using the geometrical and mechanical elements of fluxions is clearly that of guaranteeing an ontological basis to the calculus; in fact:</p> <br /> <p>'Fluents Fluxions and their rectilinear Measures will be sensibly and mechanically exhibited and therefore must be allowed to have a place in rerum natura'.</p> <br /> <p>"Colson's approach to the calculus is representative of a whole generation of British mathematicians: his 'sensibly exhibited rectilinear measures' of fluxions are a naive anticipation of Maclaurin's kinematic definitions of the basic concepts of the calculus" Guicciardini The Development of Newtonian Calculus in Britain 1700-1800 pp. 56-57.</p> <br /> <p>"In his preface . Colson noted:</p> <br /> <p>'The chief Principle upon which the Method of Fluxions is here built is. taken from the Rational Mechanicks; which is That Mathematical Quantity particularly Extension may be conceived as generated by continued local Motion; and that all Quantities may be conceived as generated after a like manner. Consequently there must be comparative Velocities of increase and decrease during such generations whose Relations are fixt and determinable and may therefore . proposed to be found.'</p> <br /> <p>"Thus a line or a curve was seen as generated by a continuously moving point a surface by the motion of a line and a solid by the motion of a surface. After defining fluxions fluents and moments Newton went on to show how within this framework significant results could be derived. Following an introduction in which it was shown how equations could be solved with the use of infinite series seven major problems were considered:</p> <br /> <br /> From the Following Quantities fluents given to find their fluxions.<br /> From the given Fluxions to find the Flowing Quantities.<br /> To determine Maxima and Minima of Quantities.<br /> To draw Tangents to Curves.<br /> To find the Quantity of Curvature in any Curve.<br /> To find the Quality of Curvature in any Curve.<br /> To find any number of Curves that may be squared"<br /> <br /> <p>Gjertsen Newton Handbook p. 158.</p> <br /> <p>"Buffon did start his scientific career as a Newtonian. He agreed that science should search for nature's laws and that those laws should be as simple and as universal as possible. Buffon's strong stance in favor of an orthodox Newtonianism was most obvious during his academic polemics with Alexis Clairaut. Buffon also published translations of two English books: Stephen Hales's Vegetable Staticks 1735 and Newton's Treatise on Fluxions 1740. The young man who wrote the prefaces to these books praised the experimental spirit of the English. But to what extent did these texts in fact express Buffon's supposed Newtonian position .</p> <br /> <p>"The case of the preface to Newton's Fluxions 1740 was a different matter since it appeared to be a sign of allegiance both to Newton and to mathematics in the guise of the calculus. But in fact Buffon's preface while acknowledging the perfect clarity of Newton's ideas developed a metaphysical critique of the concept of the infinite that had been closely tied to the practice of geometry. Buffon asserted that our daily experience by means of sensation is restricted to the limited the finite-and therefore that the arithmetical or geometrical infinite had no actual existence. The preface to the Fluxions far from being a sign of Buffon's loyalty to mathematical conceptions of science instead stressed the lack of reality of mathematical ideas. Some of these strong statements would later be developed near the end of the 'Premier discours' of the Histoire naturelle" Hoquet pp. 39-41.</p> <br /> <p>"In his preface Buffon rewrote the history of the calculus - drawing inspiration largely from a book that Fontenelle had published in 1727 Élémens de la géométrie de l'infini - in which he sided strongly with Newton against Leibniz. He was rightly criticized for his lack of objectivity and he became closely tied with English scholars whose point of view he blindly adopted. In France furthermore he became involved with Clairaut Maupertuis and Voltaire in a battle in defense of Newton. His translation and preface must be viewed from his perspective - historical objectivity was not his main concern .</p> <br /> <p>"The debate on infinity tells us something about Buffon's intellectual temperament . At the end of the seventeenth century a lengthy evolution of ideas had led to the Newtonian conception of an infinite time and space and therefore an infinite universe . Calculus gave a new topicality to this philosophical debate since it raised the question of whether the infinitely small quantities manipulated by the new calculus really existed. Leibniz did not believe so . In 1727 Fontenelle defended their real existence and Buffon seemed at first to have accepted his argument. He now attacked Fontenelle without naming him .</p> <br /> <p>"Buffon rejected Fontenelle's conclusion mainly because he did not differentiate between geometrical and metaphysical infinities. 'The idea of infinity' he said 'is only an idea of absence and has no concrete representation.' Even 'space time and duration are not real Infinities.' Likewise 'there is no number that is at present Infinite or infinitely small or smaller or bigger than an Infinity etc.' Because 'Numbers are no more than representations and never exist independently of the things they represent' they do not have a 'real existence' and things themselves cannot be infinite .</p> <br /> <p>"The direct consequence of this philosophy was that mathematics does not teach us anything about reality. More precisely - and here Buffon distanced himself radically from Fontenelle - mathematics does not have its own reality. Fontenelle gives an intellectual reality to numbers and geometrical figures independent of all physical and metaphysical reality. For Buffon there was only physical reality. Thus mathematics was only a tool practical even indispensable but nothing more .</p> <br /> <p>"The last argument in which Buffon intervened was the one that the idealistic philosopher Berkeley had provoked by attacking the metaphysical foundations of calculus .it is clear that Buffon addressed it only to defend his friend the English doctor and mathematician James Jurin. Regardless of what he said Buffon certainly had not read Berkeley's book The analyst 1734 attentively otherwise he would have seen that Berkeley's criticisms of the status of the infinitely small corresponded exactly to his own although they were based on an extremely different metaphysics. As with Leibniz the fundamental philosophical differences prevented Buffon from recognising what they had in common. His attack on Berkeley was more satire than philosophical discussion. By intervening so lightly into a serious debate Buffon exposed himself to criticism. The interesting thing about this episode is that it shows his friendship with James Jurin and suggest that it was Jurin who had advised him in the Leibniz-Newton controversy" Roger pp. 34-38.</p> <br /> <p>Babson 173; Macclesfield 1533; Wallis 236. Hoquet 'History without Time. Buffon's natural history as a nonmathematical physique Isis 101 2010 pp. 30-61. Roger Buffon: A Life in Natural History 1997.</p> <br/> <br/> 4to 255 x 196 mm pp. xxx 4 errata and privilege 148 title printed in red and black woodcut figures in text. Contemporary quarter-morocco and marbled boards spine ruled and in gilt with red lettering-piece a little rubbed joints starting. De Bure l'aine unknown
1760838P7DBirmingham; London: John Baskerville; J. and R. Tonson 1760. Leather. Near Fine. 10" by 6.5". None. A beautiful Baskerville edition of John Milton's 'Paradise Lost' and 'Paradise Regain'd' both epic poems bound here in one volume. A Baskerville edition.Complete as two volumes bound in one.ESTC citation number T134228 and N11290 - 'Paradise Regain'd' with 'Life of Milton' paginated in Roman numerals.List of subscribers to the front of 'Paradise Lost'. Pages 69 231 235 262 and 330 misnumbered 96 131 135 268 and 230.Bound by BookEnds.Collated complete.Both of John Milton's epic poems bound in one volume 'Paradise Lost' and 'Paradise Regain'd'.'Paradise Lost' is an epic blank verse poem concerning the biblical Fall of Man with the temptation of Adam and Even and their subsequent expulsion from the Garden of Eden. The poem is considered to be one of the greatest works of literature ever written.The sequel 'Paradise Regain'd' is likewise a blank verse poem though is much shorter than its predecessor being described as a brief epic.Written by John Milton a seventeenth century English poet who is best known for 'Paradise Lost'. He wrote during a period of political upheaval and religious flux in England with the English Civil War.John Baskerville was an important and pioneering printer and type designer who invented 'wove paper'.Prior owner's ink inscription to the verso of the front blank. Prior owner's ink inscription to the head of the title of 'Paradise Lost'. In a modern crushed morocco binding. Externally smart. A little very light rubbing to the extremities and a couple of very faint marks to the boards. Prior owner's ink inscription to the verso of the front blank. Internally firmly bound. Pages are lightly age toned and generally clean with the occasional spot. Tide mark to the gutter of the last few pages. Very small chip to the tail of the title page of 'Paradise Lost'. Prior owner's ink inscription to the head of the title of 'Paradise Lost'. Near Fine John Baskerville; J. and R. Tonson hardcover
140946700New York: Vintage Books 1972. Reprint. Very Good. First Vintage Books edition. Signed by Huey P. Newton and dated on the half-title page. Bound in publisher's illustrated wraps. Very Good with light wear to covers slight sunning and reading creases to spine price effaced from front cover front inner hinge over-opened and contents tanned. Newton was an African American revolutionary and political activist who founded the Black Panther Party. He served as the party's first leader and crafted its ten-point manifesto with Bobby Seale in 1966. Books signed by him are scarce. Vintage Books unknown
1740S13116Lausannae & Geneva: Marci-Michaelis Bousquet & Sociorum 1740. 1740. 4to. iv xxxii 363 1 pp. Half-title engraved frontispiece portrait of Newton engr. Jean-Louis Daudet after Vanderbank 12 engraved folding plates title vignette of 4 cherubs and a female figure each using an optical instrument representing learning optics/perspective drawn by Delamoncein and engraved by Daudet head & tail pieces and woodcut initial letters drawn by Papillon index; first 11 leaves browned. Contemporary full vellum green leather gilt-stamped spine label edges with decorative red freckling as designed by the binder; foot of spine with faint ink marking "11-". Paper unevenly browned. Verso of title with small ink annotation "=1135="; rear pastedown with another notation "á 20.Luglio 1801." Very good. Third Latin edition edited by Bousquet with a dedication to Joannes Bernoulli. This edition contains the full array of 31 querries. / "Newton's contributions to the science of optics :: his discovery of the unequal refractions of rays of different color his theory of color and his investigations of 'Newton's rings' to mention only a few of the most noteworthy :: place him among the premier contributors to that science. . . . Today we recognize that his work on optics offers unique rewards in its exciting innovative conjunction of physical theory experimental investigation and mathematics and in the revealing glimpse that it provides of a crucial period in the evolution of experimental science." :: Alan E. Shapiro The Optical Papers of Isaac Newton: Volume 1 1984 p. xi. / Jean-Louis Daudet 1695-1756 who made the frontispiece and title vignette was an engraver and print publisher active in Lyon inherited business from his father Etienne Joseph Daudet. He flourished from 1722 till his death in 1756. Thereafter the business continued by his widow in association with his son-in-law Louis Martin Roch Joubert until 1773. / "Newton famously declared that it is not the business of science to make hypotheses. However it's well to remember that this position was formulated in the midst of a bitter dispute with Robert Hooke who had criticized Newton's writings on optics when they were first communicated to the Royal Society in the early 1670's. The essence of Newton's thesis was that white light is composed of a mixture of light of different elementary colors ranging across the visible spectrum which he had demonstrated by decomposing white light into its separate colors and then reassembling those components to produce white light again. However in his description of the phenomena of color Newton originally included some remarks about his corpuscular conception of light perhaps akin to the cogs and flywheels in terms of which James Maxwell was later to conceive of the phenomena of electromagnetism. Hooke interpreted the whole of Newton's optical work as an attempt to legitimize this corpuscular hypothesis and countered with various objections." / "Newton quickly realized his mistake in attaching his theory of colors to any particular hypothesis on the fundamental nature of light and immediately back-tracked arguing that his intent had been only to describe the observable phenomena without regard to any hypotheses as to the cause of the phenomena. Hooke and others continued to criticize Newton's theory of colors by arguing against the corpuscular hypothesis causing Newton to respond more and more angrily that he was making no hypothesis he was describing the way things are and not claiming to explain why they are. This was a bitter lesson for Newton and in addition to initiating a life-long feud with Hooke went a long way toward shaping Newton's rhetoric about what science should be. . ." / "The first edition of The Opticks 1704 contained only 16 queries but when the Latin edition was published in 1706 Newton was emboldened to add seven more which ultimately became Queries 25 through 31 when in the second English edition he added Queries 17 through 24. Of all these one of the most intriguing is Query 28 which begins with the rhetorical question "Are not all Hypotheses erroneous in which Light is supposed to consist of Pression or Motion propagated through a fluid medium" In this query Newton rejects the Cartesian idea of a material substance filling in and comprising the space between particles. Newton preferred an atomistic view believing that all substances were comprised of hard impenetrable particles moving and interacting via innate forces in an empty space as described further in Query 31." :: Newton's Cosmological Queries :: MathPages. / Grace K. Babson Sir Isaac Newton 1950 141; George J. Gray A Bibliography of the Works of Sir Isaac Newton 182; Wallis 182. See: Printing and the Mind of Man 172. Marci-Michaelis Bousquet & Sociorum, 1740. hardcover books
127535New York: W.W. Norton and Company 1973. First edition of this record of two conversations which took place between Newton and Erickson. Octavo original cloth. Signed by both authors on the front free endpaper "From Huey with love" and below signed "Eric. H. Erickson. Very good in a very good price-clipped dust jacket. Introduction by Kai T. Erikson. Jacket design by Robert Antler. Jacket photograph by Reginal A. Krasney. Books signed by Newton are scarce. W.W. Norton and Company hardcover
1740S13116Lausannae & Geneva: Marci-Michaelis Bousquet & Sociorum 1740. 1740. 4to. iv xxxii 363 1 pp. Half-title engraved frontispiece portrait of Newton engr. Jean-Louis Daudet after Vanderbank title printed in red & black 12 engraved folding plates title vignette of 4 cherubs and a female figure each using an optical instrument representing learning optics/perspective drawn by Delamoncein and engraved by Daudet head & tail pieces and woodcut initial letters drawn by Papillon index; first 11 leaves browned. Contemporary full vellum green leather gilt-stamped spine label edges with decorative red freckling as designed by the binder; foot of spine with faint ink marking "11-". Paper unevenly browned. Verso of title with small ink annotation "=1135="; rear pastedown with another notation "a 20.Luglio 1801." Very good. Third Latin edition edited by Bousquet with a dedication to Joannes Bernoulli. This edition contains the full array of 31 querries. / "Newton's contributions to the science of optics :: his discovery of the unequal refractions of rays of different color his theory of color and his investigations of 'Newton's rings' to mention only a few of the most noteworthy :: place him among the premier contributors to that science. . . . Today we recognize that his work on optics offers unique rewards in its exciting innovative conjunction of physical theory experimental investigation and mathematics and in the revealing glimpse that it provides of a crucial period in the evolution of experimental science." :: Alan E. Shapiro The Optical Papers of Isaac Newton: Volume 1 1984 p. xi. / Jean-Louis Daudet 1695-1756 who made the frontispiece and title vignette was an engraver and print publisher active in Lyon inherited business from his father Etienne Joseph Daudet. He flourished from 1722 till his death in 1756. Thereafter the business continued by his widow in association with his son-in-law Louis Martin Roch Joubert until 1773. / "Newton famously declared that it is not the business of science to make hypotheses. However it's well to remember that this position was formulated in the midst of a bitter dispute with Robert Hooke who had criticized Newton's writings on optics when they were first communicated to the Royal Society in the early 1670's. The essence of Newton's thesis was that white light is composed of a mixture of light of different elementary colors ranging across the visible spectrum which he had demonstrated by decomposing white light into its separate colors and then reassembling those components to produce white light again. However in his description of the phenomena of color Newton originally included some remarks about his corpuscular conception of light perhaps akin to the cogs and flywheels in terms of which James Maxwell was later to conceive of the phenomena of electromagnetism. Hooke interpreted the whole of Newton's optical work as an attempt to legitimize this corpuscular hypothesis and countered with various objections." / "Newton quickly realized his mistake in attaching his theory of colors to any particular hypothesis on the fundamental nature of light and immediately back-tracked arguing that his intent had been only to describe the observable phenomena without regard to any hypotheses as to the cause of the phenomena. Hooke and others continued to criticize Newton's theory of colors by arguing against the corpuscular hypothesis causing Newton to respond more and more angrily that he was making no hypothesis he was describing the way things are and not claiming to explain why they are. This was a bitter lesson for Newton and in addition to initiating a life-long feud with Hooke went a long way toward shaping Newton's rhetoric about what science should be. . ." / "The first edition of The Opticks 1704 contained only 16 queries but when the Latin edition was published in 1706 Newton was emboldened to add seven more which ultimately became Queries 25 through 31 when in the second English edition he added Queries 17 through 24. Of all these one of the most intriguing is Query 28 which begins with the rhetorical question "Are not all Hypotheses erroneous in which Light is supposed to consist of Pression or Motion propagated through a fluid medium" In this query Newton rejects the Cartesian idea of a material substance filling in and comprising the space between particles. Newton preferred an atomistic view believing that all substances were comprised of hard impenetrable particles moving and interacting via innate forces in an empty space as described further in Query 31." :: Newton's Cosmological Queries :: MathPages. / Grace K. Babson Sir Isaac Newton 1950 141; George J. Gray A Bibliography of the Works of Sir Isaac Newton 182; Wallis 182. See: Printing and the Mind of Man 172. Marci-Michaelis Bousquet & Sociorum, 1740. hardcover
1855M7534London: Bell & Daldy 1855. Very good folding map laid down on contemporary canvas. Notes: This very decorative and large-scale mid-19th century map engraved on copper by Thomas Sherralt represents London at the time of Henry VIII circa 1517 from Westminster Abbey to the Tower. A pink line represents the area destroyed by the Great Fire of 1666. A decorative border encases the map illustrated by the royal coat of arms important English shields the names of important Englishmen and kings and allegorical figures around the title cartouche. Two indexes sit in the upper corners a compass rose and scale sit beneath the upper right index and a dedicatory cartouche sits in the lower right. The map folds and is backed by dark navy cloth.<br><br>The map is accompanied by a historical text by William Newton "London in the Olden Time." It is in matching dark navy cloth a small folio. Paginated x 120 pp. The whole comes in a navy cloth case with the title gilt on the upper board. Unlike the map the cloth case is scuffed and rubbed at the extremities in good condition. Size : 1020x1370 mm 40.16x53.94 Inches Coloring: Hand Colored Category: Maps City Maps; Maps Europe United Kingdom England London;Maps Folding Maps; Bell & Daldy hardcover
1855542536London: Bell and Baldy 1855. A very scarce hard cover within a protective rigid pocket folder both in very good condition for their age. An extensive and decorative historical map of the capital in the time of Henry VIII. Its full title is "London in the Olden Time being a Topographical and Hiftorical Memoir of London Weftminster and Southwark Accompanying a Pictoral map of the City and its Suburbs as they exifted in the Reign of Henry VIII before the Diffolution of the Monafteries." The map laid on linen is presented within the hard cover book. This details the history of London and contains a complete index to the map. According to details penned to title page this copy was presented to the Herne Bay Literary Institute by Miss Newton the daughter of the author William Newton d.10.07.1861 Herne bay in July 1883. Brown cloth pocket folder rigid has bright gilt title and decoration to the front. Light fading rubbing and wear to front edges and corners with bubbling to rear board where a section of cloth has lifted from card. No tears present. Pocket folder 'closing' flap is worn creased and faded with marble backing paper torn and missing in places. Boards show wear to edges and corners bumped light wrinkling and fading to cloth cover creasing to spine head and foot closed tear to spine foot split to spine head and occasional blemish. Front board is decorated as per card case. Map within shows some age-related discolouration at folds but details and colours are bright and true. A pink line represents the area of London destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666. Beautifully illustated border comprises of a royal coat of arms various English shields the names of notable Englishmen and Kings and allegorical figures around the title cartouche. Within pages and map are securely bound. Tanning and foxing is present to pages and reverse of map however none is overly significant and content is bright and clear. More pictures are available upon request. CN. Hardcover. Very Good/Very Good. Illus. by Sherratt Thomas Original engraving. Used. Bell and Baldy Hardcover
