DARWIN, CHARLESBiblio.com
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18712980London: John Murray 1871. First edition. Original cloth. Very Good. FIRST EDITION FIRST ISSUE one of only 2500 copies in original cloth of Darwin's seminal work on the evolution of man. "This is really two works. The first demolished the theory that the universe was created for Man while in the second Darwin presented a mass of evidence in support of his earlier hypothesis regarding sexual selection. In the Origin Darwin had avoided discussing the place occupied by homo sapiens in the scheme of natural selection stating only that `light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history.' Twelve years later he made good his promise with The Descent of Man in which he compared man's physical and psychological characteristics to similar traits in apes and other animals showing how even man's mind and moral sense could have developed through evolutionary processes. In discussing man's ancestry Darwin did not claim that man was directly descended from apes as we know them today but stated simply that the extent ancestors of homo sapiens would have to be classified among the primates; however this statement as misinterpreted by the popular press caused a furor second only to that raised by the Origin" Norman 599. "The word `evolution' occurs for the first time in any of Darwin's works on page 2 of the first volume of the first edition" Freeman p.129.<br /> <br /> London: John Murray 1871. Octavo original green cloth; custom box. Two volumes. First issue with second volume with errata on verso of title and Postscript leaf tipped in after Contents. With 16-page publishers' catalog at end of each volume dated January 1871 first issue. Nearly invisible expert repair to upper hinge of volume 1; small blindstamp on front free endpapers; foxing to last few leaves of ads in both volumes as often; small hole likely paper flaw and line of soiling to volume 2 title page. A very good copy in original cloth. John Murray unknown
1871140397London: John Murray 1871. First edition of both volumes with "transmitted" the first word on p. 297 in the first volume; in the second the printer's note on the verso of the half-title errata on title verso and the postscript leaf after p. viii. both volumes have the January ads. Octavo two volumes original green cloth with gilt titles and tooling to the spine. In excellent condition with light rubbing and wear to the extremities. Housed in a custom half morocco clamshell box. The book in its first edition contains two parts the descent of man itself and selection in relation to sex. The word 'evolution' occurs Volume I p. 2 for the first time in any of Darwin's works" Freeman 128-29. It also contains Darwin's important and then controversial statement that the extinct ancestors of Homo Sapiens would have been classified among the primates. "One of the ten most significant books ever written" Sigmund Freud. Freeman 937; Garrison-Morton 170; Printing and the Mind of Man 169; Rieber 121. John Murray hardcover
186642820890<p>FOURTH EDITION. Fifteen hundred copies were printed. "It was again extensively altered and it was in this one that the date if the first edition as given on the verso of the half title is corrected from October 1st to November 24th" Freeman.</p><p><strong><em>On the Origin of Species</em></strong><strong> is "certainly the greatest biological book ever written</strong>" Freeman and "<strong>the most important single work in science</strong>" Dibner.</p><p>Darwin's theory of the origin of species by means of natural selection arose out of his studies in the 1830s during and after the voyage of H.M.S. <em>Beagle</em>. From 1831 to 1836 Darwin sailed around the world on the <em>Beagle</em>. During this five-year voyage Darwin and the <em>Beagle</em> visited the Galapagos Islands Brazil Argentina Tierra del Fuego Chile Peru Tahiti Australia New Zealand and other islands and countries finally returning to England by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope. Darwin observed "It appears to me that nothing can be more improving to a young naturalist than a journey in distant countries."</p><p>The voyage of the <em>Beagle </em>was "the most important event in Darwin's intellectual life and in the history of biological science. Darwin sailed with no formal scientific training. He returned a hard-headed man of science knowing the importance of evidence almost convinced that species had not always been as they were since creation but had undergone change. … The experiences of his five years … and what they led to built up into a process of epoch-making importance in the history of thought" DSB.</p><p>Over the coming thirty years Darwin refined the ideas that had germinated aboard the <em>Beagle </em>and finally published them in <em>On the Origin of Species</em>. Darwin concluded his book "There is grandeur in this view of life with its several powers having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that whilst this plan has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been and are being evolved."</p><p><strong>Darwin's ideas about evolution and natural selection are the underpinnings of modern biological science. Moreover they have given us a new way of viewing and talking about the world. </strong>"Darwin not only not only drew an entirely new picture of the workings of organic nature; he revolutionized our methods of thinking and our outlook on the order of natural things. The recognition that constant change is the order of the universe had finally been established" Printing and the Mind of Man 344b.</p><p>Provenance: contemporary inscription "Adamson The Towers Didsbury." Daniel Adamson was an English engineer boiler manufacturer and driving force behind the Manchester Ship Canal in the 1880s. His home the Towers is sometimes called the Calendar House for its 365 windows 52 doors and 12 chimneys.</p><p>Freeman 385.</p> John Murray hardcover
18746679London: John Murray 1874. Second edition. <p>First edition first issue of the book in which Darwin finally gave his public account of two ideas he had withheld from the Origin: the descent of Homo sapiens and - his more original contribution - the mechanism of sexual selection. On page 2 of Volume I the word evolution appears the first appearance of the word in any Darwin work a year before the sixth edition of the Origin. The descent of man made him famous. Sexual selection made him lonely: it required his readers to credit birds fishes and insects with something like aesthetic judgment - that females choosing generation after generation had driven ornament that natural selection alone could not explain. Wallace would not accept it and the community followed him. Sexual selection remained a neglected corner of Darwinism for a century until Trivers 1972 Zahavi 1975 and Hamilton and Zuk 1982 vindicated female choice and placed it at the centre of evolutionary biology. The delay tells its story: Darwin had seen further than his readers who had simply refused to follow.</p>. What Darwin Left Out of the Origin. <p>First edition first issue of the book in which Darwin finally gave his public account of two ideas he had withheld from the Origin of Species: the descent of Homo sapiens from pre-existing forms and - his more original and more contested contribution - the mechanism of sexual selection. The Origin had deliberately excluded man from its argument "light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history" and had mentioned sexual selection only briefly as a special case within natural selection. Twelve years later with the evolutionary argument secured in the scientific literature and the public polemics largely past Darwin set out the two positions he had kept in reserve. The first made him famous; the second neglected for a century is now recognised as one of the most powerful explanatory frameworks in evolutionary biology.</p> <br /> <p>The twelve-year delay was not accidental. Darwin had been collecting notes on human descent since the Beagle years of the 1830s but had withheld them for strategic reasons. He had written to Wallace in December 1857 that he would avoid the subject of man as surrounded by too many prejudices even while admitting that it was the highest and most interesting problem for the naturalist. By 1871 the climate had changed. Huxley's Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature 1863 had done much of the defensive work; Lyell's Antiquity of Man 1863 had established deep human prehistory; and Haeckel's Generelle Morphologie 1866 had pushed the evolutionary argument onto the Continent and drawn the first explicit phylogenies of the human line. The Descent therefore arrived not as an opening salvo but as the master's own statement delivered at a moment when the main resistance had already been absorbed. The storm that had greeted the Origin did not repeat itself in 1871; Darwin wrote to a friend that he was surprised to find everyone talking about the book without being shocked and took this as a measure of the increasing liberality of the age.</p> <br /> <p>The first volume opens with a page that would prove diagnostic. On page 2 in the introduction Darwin refers to the principle of gradual evolution - the first appearance of the word evolution in any of his published works a year before its appearance in the sixth edition of the Origin. The word had hitherto belonged to embryology and to Herbert Spencer; Darwin had avoided it in the Origin in favour of descent with modification and natural selection partly because evolution still carried its older sense of the unfolding of a preformed germ and partly because Spencer's usage had given it metaphysical baggage Darwin preferred not to inherit. That he now allowed the word onto his own page marks a small but real shift in nomenclature: from 1871 forward the subject would be called evolution and the Descent is where Darwin formally joined the convention he had helped to make inevitable.</p> <br /> <p>The first volume and the opening chapters of the second are devoted to the argument for the descent of man from a pre-existing form. The strategy is cumulative: no single piece of evidence is decisive but each addition narrows the space of alternative explanations. Darwin begins with the homologies of bodily structure between man and the other mammals - the bones of the hand the arrangement of the viscera the musculature - arguing that these resemblances are inexplicable except as the signature of common descent. He proceeds to embryonic development where he reproduces the famous side-by-side comparison of a human embryo with that of a dog the Ecker-Bischoff figure Vol. I p. 15 arguing that in their early stages the two are practically indistinguishable and that embryology therefore preserves in miniature the shared ancestry of the vertebrate body plan. He turns to rudimentary organs - the vermiform appendix the musculus auricularis the coccyx the tubercle on the outer edge of the ear - as fossil evidence carried in the living body structures that make sense only on the assumption that they once served a function in a remoter ancestor. And he finally addresses the mental faculties arguing from comparative psychology - the affection of dogs the jealousy of birds the rudimentary reason observable in the higher apes - that there is no unbridgeable gap between human and animal cognition but rather a difference of degree. The argument leans on his cousin Francis Galton's Hereditary Genius 1869 which had established to Darwin's satisfaction that mental and moral qualities were inherited along the same channels as physical ones and could therefore be brought within the selective argument. The conclusion to the first part is stated with characteristic caution: that man is descended from some less highly organised form and that the grounds upon which the conclusion rests will Darwin writes never be shaken.</p> <br /> <p>A long chapter on the races of man mounts an argument against the polygenist position - then widely held particularly in the American anthropological literature after Morton and Nott - that the human races constitute separate species with separate origins. Darwin argues from the fertility of crosses from shared mental and moral characteristics and from the continuous rather than discrete distribution of racial traits for a single origin of Homo sapiens. His ethnographic scaffolding carries the prejudices of its period; his conclusion however is monogenist and anti-polygenist and in the politics of nineteenth-century race science that was the liberal position decisively opposed to the scientific racism then institutionalised in the American schools.</p> <br /> <p>The moral sense receives its own treatment. Against those who held that conscience and altruism must be divinely implanted because they could not be derived from self-interest Darwin argues that the social instincts - present in rudimentary form throughout the higher animals - provide a natural foundation for ethics. An animal that lives in a group is selected for behaviours that sustain the group; over generations those behaviours become internalised as moral feelings. It is the earliest sustained naturalistic account of ethics in the evolutionary literature and it is precisely the argument that Wallace a recent convert to spiritualism refused to accept.</p> <br /> <p>With the descent of man established Darwin turns in the remainder of the second volume to his second and originally his primary subject: sexual selection. This is the book's most sustained theoretical innovation. Darwin had been troubled since the 1850s by a class of biological traits that natural selection could not easily explain - elaborate male ornament ornate plumage antlers display behaviours bright colours - which often appeared to reduce the bearer's chances of survival rather than enhance them. The peacock's tail had become his standing example of the problem. Writing to Asa Gray in April 1860 only months after the publication of the Origin Darwin confessed that "the sight of a feather in a peacock's tail . makes me sick." The remark is only half a joke. It identifies the precise class of phenomena that resisted the argument of the Origin and it locates the theoretical problem that would occupy him for the next eleven years. The solution developed in the Descent was that a second mechanism distinct from natural selection was at work: selection not for survival but for reproductive success acting through mate choice and intrasexual competition.</p> <br /> <p>Sexual selection in Darwin's formulation has two components. The first - male-male combat - accounts for weapons and body size: antlers horns spurs large canines the fighting armature of rival males. The second - female choice - accounts for ornament: song colour display behaviour elaborate plumage. The implication was radical. Female preference exercised generation after generation was sufficient to drive the evolution of male traits that would otherwise be selected against. Darwin was asking his readers to believe that birds fishes and insects were in effect making aesthetic judgments and that those judgments had consequences at the species level. The comparative tour that occupies the bulk of Volume II - insects Chapters X-XI fishes amphibians and reptiles Chapter XII containing the arresting figure of Plecostomus barbatus a South American siluroid catfish in which the male's mouth and interoperculum are fringed with a beard of stiff scale-like hairs of which the female shews hardly a trace birds Chapters XIII-XVI by far the longest treatment taking in courtship display vocal performance plumage and the geographical distribution of ornament and mammals Chapters XVII-XX - is in effect a six-hundred-page argument that this aesthetic mechanism is real widespread and responsible for most of the secondary sexual characters in the animal kingdom.</p> <br /> <p>Wallace would not accept it. The disagreement had been building for years. Darwin and Wallace had corresponded intensively through 1867 and 1868 about the coloration of female birds the selective meaning of sexual dimorphism and - the point that eventually separated them - whether animals were capable of the kind of preference that Darwin's theory required. Wallace's 1868 Westminster Review essay on ornament already hedged: he would allow that bright colour could indicate vigour but not that it could be chosen for beauty alone. In his 15 March 1871 Academy review of the Descent he broke with Darwin publicly and in the papers that followed through the 1870s he argued that apparent ornament was really cryptic colouration or species recognition misread and that female choice - which required crediting animals with something like aesthetic sense - was implausible. Most of the scientific community followed Wallace. Sexual selection remained a neglected and faintly embarrassing corner of Darwinism for most of a century mentioned in textbooks as a historical footnote but rarely taken up as a research programme. It was resurrected only in the 1970s when Robert Trivers's 1972 parental-investment paper gave female choice a rigorous economic foundation Amotz Zahavi's 1975 handicap principle explained why costly ornaments could function as honest signals of genetic quality and W. D. Hamilton and Marlene Zuk's 1982 Science paper connected ornament to parasite resistance. Sexual selection is now one of the central research programmes in evolutionary biology and Darwin's six hundred pages are read as a founding document rather than a historical curiosity. The delay tells its own story: Darwin had seen further than his readers and his readers had simply refused to follow for a hundred years.</p> <br /> <p>Darwin's eldest daughter Henrietta Emma Darwin had read the manuscript and suggested corrections of style; in a letter of 28 March 1871 Darwin called her his very dear coadjutor and fellow-labourer and the book's argumentative clarity owes something to her editorial hand. The wood-engraved illustrations were drawn from life by the zoological artist T. W. Wood whose earlier work for Alfred Russel Wallace's Malay Archipelago 1869 had made him the best-placed draughtsman in England for the natural-history figures the Descent required; his economical diagnostic style suited the comparative method of the second volume where the illustrations carry much of the argumentative weight. The corrected proofs went to Murray on 15 January 1871 and the first issue of 2500 copies appeared on 24 February priced at £1/4/- the two-volume set. Demand was immediate: within three weeks a reprint had been ordered and by the end of March 1871 some 4500 copies were in print earning Darwin close to £1500. The religious press was hostile - the Edinburgh Review the Dublin Review and the Quarterly Review all published long attacks - but the scientific periodicals took the book more or less on its own terms. The most damaging review was the Quarterly's published anonymously in July 1871: Darwin guessed correctly that the author was St George Jackson Mivart Huxley's disillusioned former pupil whose own On the Genesis of Species January 1871 had already mounted a Catholic-metaphysical critique of natural selection. Mivart argued that the Descent would unsettle half-educated classes and licence moral relativism; Darwin felt the sting told Huxley that he expected to be viewed as the most despicable of men and was relieved when Huxley counter-attacked in the Contemporary Review that autumn. The episode permanently soured the Darwin-Mivart relationship and figures prominently in the 1874 second edition where Darwin silently corrected several of Mivart's specific objections without naming him. Translations appeared quickly: German Carus 1871 the two-volume Stuttgart edition that Darwin came to regard as authoritative and used when correcting his own text for later editions Dutch Hartogh Heys van Zouteveen 1871-2 French Moulinié 1872 Italian Russian and Swedish all within three years of the first printing. By the time Darwin died in 1882 the Descent had reached a wider international readership than any of his other works with the sole exception of the Origin itself. Two further English issues of the two-volume edition appeared in April and December 1871 the seventh and eighth thousands each incorporating small textual corrections; a second edition followed in 1874 in a single volume rearranged into three parts with sexual selection in relation to man split off as Part III a supplementary note on the brains of man and apes supplied by Huxley pp. 199-206 a five-line errata slip and extensive textual revisions throughout Freeman 944. Darwin had initially intended Wallace to help him prepare the new edition but his wife Emma intervened; the editorial assistance came from their son George Darwin instead and Darwin wrote an apologetic letter to Wallace explaining the reassignment.</p> <br /> <p>The present copy is the first issue of February 1871 distinguished from the second issue March 1871 2000 copies by four diagnostic features in Volume II all of which are present and correct. First the verso of the title leaf carries the printed errata list - seventeen corrections for Volume I and eight for Volume II - replaced in the second issue by a list of nine other works by Darwin. Second a separately tipped-in Postscript leaf paginated pp. ix-x and inserted after the Contents on which Darwin acknowledges "a serious and unfortunate error" in his argument on sexual selection affecting Volume I pp. 297-9 and Volume II pp. 161 and 237. Darwin had realised too late to correct the printed text that he had conflated two distinct phenomena: the coincidence between the onset of sexual maturity and the appearance of secondary sexual characters which he had attributed to sexual selection and which he now recognised was better explained by natural selection operating at a correspondingly late life-stage. The Postscript does not rewrite the passages; it flags them. Third the verso of the Volume II half-title carries the printer's note William Clowes and Sons Stamford Street and Charing Cross blank in the second issue. Fourth the first word on p. 297 of Volume I - the opening of the passage Darwin apologises for - is transmitted replaced by When in the second issue after the pages had been entirely reset. Both volumes retain the sixteen-page inserts of Murray's advertisements dated January 1871. The first-issue leaves are therefore witnesses to Darwin's thinking in the act of correcting itself and their collective presence is the signature of a copy printed in the earliest state.</p> <br /> <p>Institutional copies of the first issue are securely held at Cambridge University Library Darwin's own copy in the Darwin Archive the British Library the Bodleian the American Museum of Natural History the Linda Hall Library the Huntington and the Norman Library lot 599 in the 1998 Christie's dispersal; auction appearances of complete first-issue sets in publisher's green cloth are not common at the better grades with the standard reference points the Garden 1989 Sotheby's catalogue the Norman 1998 Christie's sale and the Nordmann 2006 Christie's Paris dispersal. Census coverage in WorldCat returns several hundred holdings for the 1871 imprint as a whole but does not distinguish issue by record; Freeman's four-feature collation remains the operative test for assigning a given copy to the first issue rather than to the second. The present copy carries all four features and an indistinct pencil monogram apparently EH at the head of the Volume I half-title the only ownership mark in either volume; the marginal annotations and underlinings are the unsigned hand of a careful contemporary reader who worked through both volumes and who paused with particular attention at the bird and mammal chapters of Volume II.</p> <br /> <p>References: Freeman 937 - Garrison-Morton 170 - Norman 599 - Printing and the Mind of Man 169 - R. B. Freeman The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist 2nd ed. Folkestone 1977 pp. 128-31 - van Wyhe ed. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online F937.</p> <br /> <br /> <br/> <br/> <p>Two volumes 8vo 191 × 125 mm. Vol. I: pp. viii 423 1 16 pp. publisher's advertisements dated January 1871; Vol. II: pp. viii ii: errata on verso of title leaf and tipped-in Postscript leaf 475 1 16 pp. publisher's advertisements dated January 1871. Numerous wood-engraved illustrations in the text. Publisher's original green diaper-pattern vertical-rib cloth spines lettered and decorated in gilt with foliate ornaments at head and foot "LONDON / JOHN MURRAY" at the foot of each spine blind-stamped panelled boards yellow endpapers. Faint pencil ownership monogram at the head of the Vol. I half-title indistinct. Occasional pencil underlinings and small marginal annotations throughout - the marks of a careful contemporary reader who worked through both volumes. Rubbing and light wear to extremities and spine caps; minor chipping to a few leaf edges; foxing to text block edges and occasional light internal foxing; text block of Vol. II split at p. 161 - the page Darwin apologises for in the Postscript - but holding and entirely unrestored. A good honest copy in original cloth read and annotated rather than merely shelved.</p> . John Murray unknown
18602302021London: Murray 1860. Second. hardcover. Very good. The second edition in original cloth very good but for moisture stain in top corner of front endpapers. Housed in a custom-made collector's slipcase. Second edition second issue with "fifth thousand" on title page one of only 3000 copies and yet the largest printing of any edition or issue in Darwin's lifetime and the last English edition to contain the whale-bear story. Folding lithographed plate 32pp. of publisher's advertisements at rear. Original publisher's green cloth covers stamped in blind gilt spine. Murray unknown
191539London: William Pickering 1986-89. A finely bound set of the first complete edition The Pickering Masters edition being the first complete collected works of Darwin to be published remarkably over 100 years after his death. 29 vols bound in 20 octavo 228 x 152 mm. Recent green morocco spines lettered and tooled in gilt 5 raised bands covers framed with wave roll green marbled endpapers top edge gilt. Faint marks to binding and edges spines faded: in near-fine condition. Freeman F1921. hardcover
1871376128London: John Murray 1871. First edition first issue with errata on verso of vol. II title-leaf. viii 423 1; viii ii 475 1 pp. 1 vols. 8vo. Publisher's green cloth. Light wear to covers expertly recased. Bookplate. First edition first issue with errata on verso of vol. II title-leaf. viii 423 1; viii ii 475 1 pp. 1 vols. 8vo. Darwin's Descent of Man created an uproar second only to his Origin of the Species; however "contrary to popular error prevalent now as well as then Darwin never said that man was descended from apes let alone monkeys; what he claimed was that man's ancestors if alive today would have to be classified among the Primates" De Beer Charles Darwin pp. 210-1. ODNB further clarifies "The Descent understood by Darwin as a sequel to the Origin was written with a maturity and depth of learning that marked Darwin's status as an élite gentleman of science" Freeman 937 John Murray unknown
186456000S.-Peterburg 1864. 8vo. Bound in a beautiful recent pastiche-binding of brown half calf with marbled papers over boards and elegant gilding to spine. End-papers renewed. A few dampstains and a bit of brownspotting throughout. A nice copy. XIV 399 1 pp. 1 plate. <br/><br/><em>First edition of the first Russian translation of Darwin's "Origin of Species" a main reason for the widespread effect of Darwinism in Russia where the theory met less resistance in the 1860'ies than it did in Western Europe. In Russia Darwinism had a profound influence not only upon the different sciences but also on philosophy economic and political thought and the great literature of the period. For instance both Tolstoy and Dostoevsky referenced Darwin in their most important works as did numerous other thinkers of the period."In 1864 S.A. Rachinsky professor of plant physiology at St. Petersburg University produced the first Russian translation of the "Origin". Although not a masterpiece of translation art the book sold out so quickly that in 1865 it went through a second printing. By this time Darwin's ideas were discussed not only by scientists but also by such popular writers as Dmitri Pisarev and M. A. Antinovich." Glick p. 232. Rachinsky began translating the "Origin" in 1862 and wrote an important article on the theories presented in it while working on the translation. This article and the translation of the "Origin" into Russian were responsible for the great success and rapid widespread knowledge of Darwinian theory of evolution in Russia. "Darwin was concerned that the "Origin of Species" reach naturalists across the world but translations of that complicated work raised problems for Darwin. If he found it difficult to make the reader "understand what is meant" in England and America at least in those two countries he and the reader were discussing the "Origin of Species" in the same language. Foreign language editions raised not only the thorny question of translating Darwinian terms but also the problem of translators who often thought it proper to annotate their editions to explain the "significance" of Darwinism. The first Russian translation of the "Origin of Species" 1864 appeared however without any comment whatever by the translator Sergei A. Rachinsky professor of botany at the University of Moscow. Rachinsky had begun the translation in 1862 and published an article on Darwinism while continuing work on the translation in 1863." Rogers p. 485. In the year of publication of the translation 1864 Pisarev wrote a long article in "The Russian Word" which purports to be a review of this translation; the critic complains about the absence of notes and commentaries by the translator. Pisarev furthermore points to several errors in the translation and to numerous infelicities of expression. Acknowledging the importance of the work however and of the spreading of Darwinism in Russia he goes on in his own essay to provide a much more popular account of Darwin's theory and to impress upon his readers its revolutionary significance.Nikolai Strakhov also reviewed the translation immediately upon publication acknowledging the effect it would have. Strakhov however recognized potential dangers inherent in the theory and expressed them in his review of Rachinsky's translation. He praised the work for its thoroughness and rejoiced in the evidence that man constituted the highest stage of organic development; but then he went on to argue that by moving into questions of philosophy and theology the Darwinists were exceeding the limits of scientific evidence. Like Pisarev Tolstoy enthusiastically embraced Darwinism. "The first mention of Darwin in Tolstoy's literary "Nachlass" is found in one of the drafts to "War and Peace". There Darwin is listed apparently quite favorably among leading thinkers "working toward new truth" . Thus by the late 1860's the name of Darwin as a leading scientist was already familiar to Tolstoy and duly respected." McLean p. 160. A fact which is often overlooked is that Tolstoy actually knew Rachinsky quite well. Interestingly it was in a letter to Rachinsky in reply to a question about the structure of "Anna Karenina" that Tolstoy made the famous statement that all Tolstoy scholars and lovers know by heart: "I am proud of the architecture - the arches are joined in such a way that you cannot discover where the keystone is". Like Strakhov however Dostoevsky acknowledging the significance of the "Origin" saw the dangers of the theory. In the same year as the publication of Rachinsky's translation he lets the narrator in "Notes from Underground" 1864 launch his attack on Darwinism beginning: "As soon as they prove you for instance that you are descended from a monkey then it's no use scowling you just have to accept it."In "Crime and Punishment" two years later 1866 the Darwinian overtones inherent in Raskolnikov's theory of the extraordinary man are unmistakable. He describes the mechanism of "natural selection" where according to the laws of nature by the crossing of races and types a "genius" would eventually emerge. In general Darwinian themes and Darwin's name occur in many contexts in a large number of Dostoevsky's works.Freeman: 748. See: James Allen Rogers: The Reception of Darwin's Origin of Species by Russian Scientists. In: Isis Vol. 64 No. 4 Dec. 1973 pp. 484-503.Thomas F. Glick: The Comparative Reception of Darwinism. 1974.Hugh McLean: In Quest of Tolstoy. 2008. </em> hardcover
56501Kjøbenhavn Copenhagen 1872 - Kristiania Oslo 1890 - Stockholm 1871. A very nice and harmonious set in four excellent half calf bindings.1 The Danish translation: 1 volume 8vo. A nice contemporary half calf with gilding to spine and gilt title-label. Only light wear. Internally some light brownspotting. 19 XIII 605 1 pp.2 The Norwegian translation: 2 volumes small 8vo. Bound in two excellent uniform recent red morocco bindings in pastiche-style with gilt lines to spines. The work is printed in quite bad paper which is always yellowed and quite brittle. Thus the first title-page has two small restorations from verso far from arrecting printing. The second title-page had an old owener's signature and a previous owner's stamp. 379 5; 383 pp.3 The Swedish translation: 1 volume large 8vo. Bound uncut and with the extremely scarce original front wrapper in a lovely later brown half morrocco binding in contemporary style with five raised bands and gilt author and year to spine. Front wrapper bound on a strip at inner hinge and with a missing outer coner far from affecting printing. Old owner's name to front wrapper. An excellent copy. XI 1 420 pp. <br/><br/><em>A magnificent collection of first editions of the first Danish Norwegian and Swedish translations of Darwin's masterpiece "The Origin of Species" together constituting the introduction to "The Darwinian Revolution in Scandinavia".The first Scandinavian translation to appear was the Swedish which is also the rarest of the three. Darwinism was strongly opposed in Sweden where the primary reaction to the work came from religious institutions that were outraged and fiercely fought against spreading the ideas presented in "origin" in their country. The second Scandinavian translation to appear was the Danish which was translated in 1872 by the then young botanist J. P. Jacobsen who was soon to become one f Scandinavia's most celebrated and influential authors. He received world-wide fame as the author of "Marie Grubbe" and "Niels Lyhne" which founded literary naturalism in Europe. "In the early 1870's however he was still dedicated to science. In 1873 he received the University of Copenhagen's Gold Medal for his work on desmids single-celled green freshwater algae. The Descent of Man was also translated by Jacobsen and appeared in 1874-75."Darwin's ideas found great resonance in scientific circles in Denmark and his ideas were immediately recognized. "In the early 1870s With the Danish translation the literary critic Georg Brandes started promoting Darwin's ideas as part of his liberal ideology and soon Darwinism became the mark of a new generation of intellectuals. Both the Steenstrup circle and the Brandes circle held Darwin in high esteem but made completely different attributions to his theory. Consequently they both decided to raise money separately for the same Darwin. Darwin had borrowed the collection of barnacles from the Zoology Museum in Copenhagen with the help of Steenstrup. As a compliment Darwin sent him a signed copy of the Origin. Steenstrup acknowledged Darwin as an important fellow naturalist but like many of his colleagues at the University of Copenhagen he never accepted evolutionary theory. The initial scientific reaction to Darwin's work on evolution by means of natural selection was respectful but made few converts. memorial in 1882. Independently Darwinism transformed as it became part of popular culture. " Kjærsgaard Darwinism comes to Denmark.The Norwegian translation was the last of the three to appear but it is quite scarce and very difficult to come by. It was published by businessman and publisher Johan Sørensen 1830-1918 as a part of 'Bibliothek for de tusen hjem' Library for Every Home."The first volume came out at the end of 1889 in five parts and a total of 379 pages. Each part cost 30 øre making a total price of 1 kroner 50 øre. The following year 1890 the second volume appeared and this consisted of four parts totaling 383 pages and cost 1 kroner 20 øre. The books were translated from the English sixth and final edition by the Master of the Arendal Public Secondary College Ingebret Suleng 1852-1928" Glick The Reception of Charles Darwin in Europe.1. The Danish translation: Om Arternes Oprindelse ved Kvalitetsvalg eller ved de heldigst stillede Formers Sejr i Kampen for Tilværelsen. Efter Originalens femte Udgave oversat af J.P. Jacobsen. Kjøbenhavn Gyldendalske Boghandel F. Hegel 1872. 8vo. 10XIII6051 pp. - Freeman No 643 Freeman with wrong collation as he omits half-title and content-leaves.2. The Norwegian translation: Arternes Oprindelse gjennem naturligt Udvalg eller de bedst skikkede Formers bevarelse i Striden for Livet. Oversat efter Originalens VI. Udgave af Ingebret Suleng. I- II. Kristiania Bibliothek for de tusen hjem. Fagerstrand pr. Høvik 1890. Small 8vo. 1-34-3794;1-34-383 pp. - Not in Freeman.3. The Swedish translation: Om Arternas Uppkomst genom naturligt Urval eller de bäst utrustade Rasernas Bestånd i Kampen för Tillvaron. Öfversättning från femte Originalupplagan af A.M. Selling. Stockholm L.J. Hiertas Förlagsexpedition 1871. I-IVV-XI420 pp. 1 plate. - Freeman No 793 Freeman having the wrong year of publication and not mentioning the plate. </em> hardcover
186133919London: John Murray 1861. A very early issuance and only the third edition seventh thousand of the title with important additions and corrections of Darwin's monumental work. This edition is printed in the same format and binding as the first edition and includes "An Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species" in which Darwin acknowledges his fellow scientists as regards the theory of evolution as well as a table of corrections to the first and second editions. Two-thousand copies only were printed and issued in April 1861. Folding lithographed diagram by W. West. Quarto in 12's 7 3/4" x 5 7/8" 193mm x 124mm publisher's original green cloth gilt decorated on the spine and blocked in blind on the covers salmon glazed paper end-leaves with the binders Edmonds & Remnants ticket on the rear paste-down. Housed in a handsome morocco labeled slipcase with chemise. i-v vi-xix 538 2 ads. and with one folding plate. A very fresh and clean copy fine and very bright both internally and externally with only very light evidence of age or use. The end-leaves in excellent condition and unusually clean the hinges strong and pleasing and without refurbishment a slight bit of rubbing only at the extremities. An especially pleasing copy unusually well preserved. One of the best we have seen. AN ESPECIALLY HANDSOME AND PLEASING COPY OF THIS GREAT BOOK. THE THIRD AND HIGHLY IMPORTANT ISSUANCE OF CHARLES DARWIN'S MASTERWORK.<br> The book is rare in cloth in this condition.<br> Darwin's Revolutionary Masterwork in which he not only "drew an entirely new picture of the workings of organic nature; he revolutionized our methods of thinking and our outlook on the natural order of things. The recognition that constant change is the order of the universe had been finally established and a vast step forward in the uniformity of nature had been taken." PMM Together with Copernicus' DE REVOLUTIONIBUS and Newton's PRINCIPIA it is deemed one of the three greatest and most important scientific works ever penned.<br> "The most influential scientific work of the nineteenth century" and "The most important biological work ever written" Horblit Freeman. Darwin's elaboration of the theory of natural selection laid the groundwork for the controversy over the evolution of man and with only slight modification by such scientists as Stephen Jay Gould Darwin's ideas remain the umbra under which most current biological research is conducted.<br> The import of the ORIGIN need hardly be stated. This edition for the first time contains Darwin's historical treatment of theories of evolution: "An Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species" xiii-xix. Here Darwin acknowledges the impact of Lamarck Patrick Matthew and others right up to 1860 on his thought. As such it is the first edition that situates Darwin in his broader intellectual context.<br> Copies of the ORIGIN are often quite worn but the present item is unusually well preserved bright clean tight and especially handsome. The book was if ever used handled very kindly indeed.<br> Darwin had intended the book to be an abstract of his 'big book' on transmutation of which only the first part Variation Under Domestication 1868 was published in his lifetime. John Murray hardcover
18602D-2DIJ-J9AND. Appleton and Company. Very Good. 1860. Unknown Binding. Appleton 1860. First American edition fourth issue with New Edition Revised and Augmented by the Author on title page. 3 blurbs opp. title. Pages: xi 440 2. Folding plate. Yellow endpapers cracked at rear but holding well. Laid flat a few places but binding tight. Mispagination of 116-21. Freeman 380. Original dark green blind stamped cloth light rubbed slight fraying top spine. Ink gift inscription.; 432 pages . D. Appleton and Company unknown
184456991London Taylor and Francis 1844. 8vo. In a nice later half morocco binding with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Blind stamped to upper outer corner of first leaf of table of contents. In "The Annals and Magazine of Natural History" volume 14. A very fine and clean copy. Darwin's paper pp. pp. 241-251. Entire volume: vii 1 - 472 12 plates. <br/><br/><em>First edition of Darwin's paper on flatworms collected by him during the Beagle voyage one of the important early papers by Darwin on invertebrates originally intended for publication in The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle. This is Darwin's first publication on taxonomy: illustrated with a plate drawn by Darwin it describes a new genus and 15 new species of flatworm. Extremely rare on the market."The paper on flatworms . was Darwin's first venture into taxonomy. In it he described a new genus and 15 new species; most of the latter are still recognised as valid. He took a great deal of interest in these animals making extensive notes on their morphology and behaviour" Porter Darwin's Sciences.Previously familiar only with marine species Darwin was astounded to discover two new species of flatworm living on dry land in Brazil. He was intrigued by their close resemblance to snails and evolutionary questions may well lie behind his strong interest in them. PROVENANCE: From the collection William Pickett Harris Jr. 1897 - 1972 pencil note on p. iii. American investment banker and biologist. Following a career in banking Harris was appointed Associate Curator of the Museum of Zoology at the University of Michigan in 1928. "Harris played a highly important role in developing mammalogy and systematic collections of mammals at the University of Michigan" Hooper p. 923.Freeman 1669 </em> hardcover
18601263511860. New York: D. Appleton and Company 1860. <br /> <br /> 8vo 7 5/8 x 5 inches; 195 x 125 mm. 432 pp. Folding lithographed diagram speciation tree facing p. 108. Original dark green bead-grain cloth with covers decoratively stamped in blind and spine ruled in gilt and blind and lettered in gilt. Original dark brown coated endpapers front free endpaper removed; early ink signature J.F. Oakes dated 1868; bookplate of Isador H. Coriat and stamp of Edmund Brill with inscription. Professionally conserved: hinges strengthened head and foot of backstrip renewed.<br /> <br /> § First issue of the first American edition. One of the most influential scientific works of the nineteenth century "On the Origin of Species" was and still is one of the most controversial books ever printed. In it "Darwin not only drew an entirely new picture of the workings of organic nature; he revolutionized our methods of thinking and our outlook on the natural order of things. The recognition that constant change is the order of the universe had been finally established and a vast step forward in the uniformity of nature had been taken" Printing and the Mind of Man. Although published the same year as the second English edition the text of the first American edition with the two stereo reprints of the same year is identical to the first English edition Freeman 373 with the whale-bear story surviving intact. Freeman 377. Grolier/Horblit 23b "the most influential scientific work of the nineteenth century". Printing and the Mind of Man 344b describing the 1859 first edition. unknown
186455760Modena Nicola Zanichelli e. Soci 1864. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with four raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Reinforced in inner margins and plate with waterstains to lower margin. An unusually fine and well preserved copy internally as well as externally. XV 403 pp 1 plate. <br/><br/><em>Rare first edition of the first Italian translation of Darwin's seminal "Origin of Species" quite unusually authorized by Darwin himself. The work was very well received and - compared to France and Spain - Darwinism was quickly adopted by Italian biologist and zoologist and meet only little catholic opposition. "The impact of Darwinism on Italian naturalists was powerful; the logic and rigorous treatment of the problem of the origin of species as Darwin had presented it forced zoologists and anthropologists to reconsider those passages of Lamarckisms that they had agreed to with excessive enthusiasm". Capanna Darwinism and the Italian academies. The reception of Darwin's work in France 1862 and Spain 1877 were characterized by a strong chatolic opposition which also had a strong suppressing effect on the spread of his ideas to academic institutions.Despite of Italy being a catholic stronghold the reception of Darwinism was very favourable and meet very limited criticism from the church:"In contrast to the power Catholicism was able to exert against Darwinism in Spain it was practically impotent in Italy. Neither could the Italian Catholic intellectual establishment draw upon a repertory of anti-Darwinism arguments from the Italian scientific establishment as was done in France. As in France under the Third Republic and as was the case sporadically in Spain the advent of Darwinism in Italy provided a source of ideology for the anticlerical movement. Although Darwinism enjoyed a number of close connections with the English source the peculiarities of the Italian situation set Darwinism in Italy apart from other situations. Italy was in the forefront in recognizing Darwin electing him to various academies and societies and awarding him the famous Bressa Prize in 1875. In Italy the translation of the Origin "1864" was given an impeccable scientific presentation by Giocanni Canestrini and Leonardo Salimbeni which avoided the type of situation that arose from the presentation of Darwinism in France by Clémence Royer as a new scientific basis for a secularistic Weltanschauung. As a general explanation of course it is reasonable to accept Cermenati's arguments that the favorable receptivity of the scientific community and the general indifference to ecclesiastical objections to Darwinism are the chief factors explaining the quick spread of Darwinism in Italy". Glick The Comparative Reception of Darwinism.Emma Darwin Darwin's wife wrote publisher John Murry on the 17th of December: "Mr Darwin desires me to say that as you have never hesitated to authorize a foreign translation he has taken upon himself to authorise a translation into Italian without consulting you." When Darwin was informed that his work was being translated into Italian he wrote to his close friend J. D. Hooker: "There is an Italian Edit. of Origin preparing!!! This makes fifth foreign Edit ie in five foreign countries. Owen will not be right in telling Longmans that Book wd be utterly forgotten in ten years. Hurrah!".Freeman no. 706 </em> hardcover
18731858Budapest: Kiadja a Természettudományi Társulat Könyvkiadó Vállalata 1873. First Hungarian edition. In publisher’s green cloth bound into two volumes gilt-stamped spine titles panels with blindstamped device. Contemporary ownership signature on half-titleOccasional light foxing throughout in both volumes. Overall in fine condition. First Hungarian edition. In publisher’s green cloth bound into two volumes gilt-stamped spine titles panels with blindstamped device. 2 v. XIV 2 303 1 p. and 1 folding plate; VII 1 361 3 p. and a plate with Darwins portrait protected with tissue paper. <p><br /> First Hungarian edition of Darwin’s opus magnum the On the Origin of Species 1859 the foundation of evolutionary biology.<br /> <p><p><br /> A fajok eredete was Darwin’s first book to be translated into Hungarian. The translator László Dapsy 1843–1890 was a gymnasium teacher in Budapest who studied at the New College in The University of Edinburgh. While in Scotland Dapsy was introduced to Darwin’s scientific theories and back in Hungary he became a pioneer advocate of Darwinism.<br /> <p><p><br /> As a member of the Hungarian Society of Natural Sciences Dapsy urged the publication of Darwin’s works in Hungarian and translated the present book On the Origin of Species. While working on the text he was in correspondence with Darwin who besides authorized the publication provided the photograph after which the portrait illustrating this edition has been made.<br /> <p><p><br /> The translation was revised by another progressive Hungarian scientist and early Darwinist Tivadar Margó 1816–1896 who was the author of the first Hungarian zoological book based on Darwin’s theories and the first biography of Darwin written in Hungarian. Margó held the memorial lecture after Darwin’s death at the Hungarian Academy of Science of which Darwin was an honorary fellow since as early as 1872 wherein he recollected the memories about his personal encounter with Darwin in 1875.<br /> <p><p><br /> Provenance: Ownership stamp of Dr. János Garán 1847–1911 country doctor in Székelyhíd today: Săcueni Romania.<br /> <p><p><br /> Scarce WorldCat locates seven complete copies worldwide of which only two are held in the US Huntington; NLM<br /> <p>. Kiadja a Természettudományi Társulat Könyvkiadó Vállalata unknown
41958London : printed by W. Clowes and Sons for John Murray 1861. Third edition. Octavo original green cloth boards blocked in blind spine gilt corners slightly bumped light bumping to head and foot of spine small damp mark to upper panel small 10 mm mark recoloured to spine binding variant B no preference without full point period after “MURRAY†in spine imprint tan endpapers bookseller's ticket of T. M. Buzzard to front pastedown previous owner's name to front free endpaper blindstamp of 105 Port Road Hindmarsh previous owner's name to half-title dated 1864 pp. xix; blank 548; 2 - publisher's catalogue folding lithographic plate by William West after Darwin internally clean a fine and crisp copy of the third edition. The first edition of 1859 a great rarity is described in Freeman as "". the most important biological work ever written.""; Dibner "". the most important single work in science.""; Printing & the Mind of Man "". revolutionized our methods of thinking and our outlook on the natural order of things. The recognition that constant change is the order of the universe had been finally established and a vast step forward in the uniformity of nature had been taken"". The third edition of which 2000 copies were printed contains substantial revisions by Darwin unlike the second edition which was essentially a reprint of the first. The third edition 'was extensively altered and is of interest for the addition of a table of differences between it and the second edition a table which occurs in each subsequent edition and also for the addition of the historical sketch. which was written to satisfy complaints that Darwin had not sufficiently considered his predecessors in the general theory of evolution. there is also a postscript on page xii. concerning a review of the earlier editions by Asa Gray' Freeman p. 78. A very good example. Freeman 381 binding variant B without full point period after “MURRAY†in spine imprint there being no preference as to variant.  hardcover
1871008464London: John Murray 1871. First edition first printing. Hardcover. This is the first edition first impression of Charles Darwins The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex in the publishers original green cloth bindings. Herein on page 2 of Volume I is his first use of the term evolution. <br /> <br />First impression of the first edition is confirmed by issue points; in Volume I transmitted is the first word on p.297; Volume II has errata on the title page verso seventeen errata for Volume I and eight for Volume II and a tipped-in Postscript at unpaginated pp. ix-x referring to errors which were reset for the second issue. The sixteen pages of advertisements for Mr. Murrays List of Popular Works are present in each volume following the text following the lengthy Index in Volume II. Of note the tipped-in Postscript reoccurs between pages 14 and 15 of the advertisements in Volume I. <br /> <br />Condition is very good. We note that the bindings have been skillfully and unobtrusively reinforced at the gutters leaving the original black endpapers intact. Consequently the bindings are not only unusually bright and clean but also square and tight. Shelf presentation is noteworthy; while the spines show a little wrinkling and light wear to the ends the gilt remains vividly bright the green hue uniform with no appreciable color shift between the covers and spine. The covers show only light superficial scuffing and blemishes and minor shelf wear to extremities. The contents are bright with only modest age-toning to the text block edges. Spotting is mild primarily confined in Volume I to the front free endpaper the publishers rear catalogue following the text and the text block edges. In Volume II spotting is primarily confined to the front free endpaper and half title the text block edges the final page of the Index and the publishers catalogue. A few of the Volume II index signatures remain unopened. The sole previous ownership name is an armorial bookplate affixed to the Volume I front pastedown. <br /> <br />On the Origin of Species 1859 fomented a reorientation that would eventually supplant dogmatic creationist hierarchy with rationalistic naturalist biology. But in Origin Darwin had said little about how his ideas applied to human beings. In The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex Darwin argued that all creatures are subject to the same natural laws. Man still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin. And in Descent the cause was finally given its enduring name. On page two of Volume I Darwin wrote these great classes of facts afford as it appears to me ample and conclusive evidence in favour of the principle of gradual evolution. This is the first time the word evolution is thus applied in his published work. Descent posited the theory Darwin called sexual selection and attempted to set forth a naturalistic explanation for the mind and for moral behavior. That Darwins conceptions continue to fuel both rational debate and fervid ire testifies to their fundamental impact. That many of his concepts are settled theory testifies to their empirical insight and veracity. <br/><br/> John Murray hardcover
1860feb02669<p>1860. German First Edition - On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life by Charles Darwin<br />Über die Entstehung der Arten im Thier- und Pflanzen-Reich durch natürliche Züchtung oder Erhaltung der vervollkommneten Rassen im Kampfe um's Daseyn</p><p>Used book For more details and availability please contact me</p> E. Schweizerbartsche hardcover
184456990London Taylor and Francis 1844. 8vo. In a nice later half morocco binding with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Blind stamped to upper outer corner of first leaf of table of contents. In "The Annals and Magazine of Natural History" volume 13. A very fine and clean copy. Darwin's paper pp. 1-6 1 plate. Entire volume: viii 1 - 528 14 plates 4 hand-coloured. <br/><br/><em>First edition of Darwin's paper on marine arrow worms collected by him on his voyage on the Beagle. It is one of Darwin's early papers on invertebrates which was originally intended for publication in The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle. Described by Darwin as "one of the most anomalous animals in the world" the origin of these strange carnivorous animals which Darwin found highly interesting is still unresolved. These early works are rarely seen on the market. The plate drawn by Darwin is based on his drawings made during the Beagle Voyage.Darwin arrived back in England from his voyage around the world on the Beagle in October 1836. He immediately set about writing up the results of the expedition-first his general account the Journal of the Beagle and then publishing the scientific observations and collections he had made while on the Beagle. The majority of these were published in the Zoology-including parts on mammals fish birds and reptiles but Darwin ran out of funds beforehe could bring out the volume on invertebrates:"Darwin undertook to provide a comprehensive programme for the publication of the zoological results of the Beagle voyage - he obtained a Treasury grant to pay for the necessary engravings and having enlisted the leading taxonomical specialists in the several fields he superintended the publication of the Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle from February 1838 to October 1843 - The work comprises five parts: Fossil Mammalia by Richard Owen; Mammalia by G. R. Waterhouse; Birds by John Gould; Fish by Leonard Jenyns; and Reptiles by Thomas Bell-a total of nineteen quarto issues. Darwin contributed a substantial portion of the text drawing uponhis field notes for geological and geographical data and for the descriptions of the habits and habitats of the species - Darwin had originally planned to include descriptions of invertebrates in the Zoology but the exhaustion ofthe government grant forced him to abandon the idea. Instead he decided to publish his own observations and descriptions of the specimens that he considered to be important new discoveries and did so in articles on Sagitta finished during the autumn of 1843 and Planariae described in 1844" Burkhardt 1986 p. xv.PROVENANCE: From the collection William Pickett Harris Jr. 1897 - 1972 pencil note on p. iii. American investment banker and biologist. Following a career in banking Harris was appointed Associate Curator of the Museum of Zoology at the University of Michigan in 1928. "Harris played a highly important role in developing mammalogy and systematic collections of mammals at the University of Michigan" Hooper p. 923.Freeman 1664. </em> hardcover
18726655London: John Murray 1872. First edition second issue. Very Good. Octavo 19 cm; vi 374 pages including 21 text illustrations and seven photogravure plates three of them folding . Lacks half title and ads. In custom prize binding for the London School of Dental Surgery polished red calf ruled in gilt with gilt emblem of the school on upper board gilt-tooled spine in six compartments with green leather title label; marbled edges and endleaves by Bickers and Son. Ownership autograph and ink stamp of Henry B. Mason 1855-1923. About fine. <br /><br />Seen by some as the origin of modern understandings of emotion and incidentally the first English Language science book to be illustrated with photographs. John Murray hardcover
1865A35100London: Longman Green Longman Roberts & Green and Williams and Norgate 1865. 2 118 13 woodcuts to text. 8vo. HB. 8vo 219x140mm recent half calf marbled boards gilt title to spine. Occasional pencil marginalia. Fine copy. Rare first edition offprint issue of Darwin's work on climbing plants. An exceptionally scarce survival in this offprint form seldom encountered on the market. An item for the discerning collector of Darwiniana.The first edition of this work was published on June 12 1865 and occurs in three forms - all from the same setting of type. The first makes up most of a double part Nos 33 and 34 of Vol. 9 of the 'Journal of the Linnean Society of London Botany'. It was also issued simultaneously as an offprint which occurs in two distinct forms. Both have tipped in title leaves which differ in the note on the source of the original and the publisher's imprint. The copy offered here is Freeman's first form 834 with the note on the source of the original given as From the JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY and the imprint the same as that of the part except that it has been reset and there is no comma after Roberts. This is the commercial offprint which was offered for sale by the Linnean Society at 4s. The second form of the offprint is assumed to be the author's offprint of which Freeman had only seen one copy. Freeman Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History 1973 64: 293. The two forms of the offprint also differ in the wrapper this copy is bound without the wrapper.The second edition of this work was later published in book form by John Murray in 1875 and is a revised and enlarged version of this paper.Freeman 834. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green, and Williams and Norgate hardcover
186142820878<p>THIRD EDITION published on April 1861. Two thousand copies were printed. This edition "was extensively altered and is of interest for the addition of a table of differences between it and the second edition a table which occurs in each subsequent edition and also for the addition of the historical sketch. The sketch which was written to satisfy complaints that Darwin had not sufficiently considered his predecessors in the general theory of evolution had already appeared in a shorter form in the German edition as well as in the fourth American printing where it is called a preface" Freeman.</p><p><strong><em>On the Origin of Species</em></strong><strong> is "certainly the greatest biological book ever written</strong>" Freeman and "<strong>the most important single work in science</strong>" Dibner.</p><p>Darwin's theory of the origin of species by means of natural selection arose out of his studies in the 1830s during and after the voyage of H.M.S. <em>Beagle</em>. From 1831 to 1836 Darwin sailed around the world on the <em>Beagle</em>. During this five-year voyage Darwin and the <em>Beagle</em> visited the Galapagos Islands Brazil Argentina Tierra del Fuego Chile Peru Tahiti Australia New Zealand and other islands and countries finally returning to England by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope. Darwin observed "It appears to me that nothing can be more improving to a young naturalist than a journey in distant countries."</p><p>The voyage of the <em>Beagle </em>was "the most important event in Darwin's intellectual life and in the history of biological science. Darwin sailed with no formal scientific training. He returned a hard-headed man of science knowing the importance of evidence almost convinced that species had not always been as they were since creation but had undergone change. … The experiences of his five years … and what they led to built up into a process of epoch-making importance in the history of thought" DSB.</p><p>Over the coming thirty years Darwin refined the ideas that had germinated aboard the <em>Beagle </em>and finally published them in <em>On the Origin of Species</em>. Darwin concluded his book "There is grandeur in this view of life with its several powers having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that whilst this plan has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been and are being evolved."</p><p><strong>Darwin's ideas about evolution and natural selection are the underpinnings of modern biological science. Moreover they have given us a new way of viewing and talking about the world. </strong>"Darwin not only not only drew an entirely new picture of the workings of organic nature; he revolutionized our methods of thinking and our outlook on the order of natural things. The recognition that constant change is the order of the universe had finally been established" Printing and the Mind of Man 344b.</p><p>Freeman 381.</p><p>Original green cloth. Foot of spine and lower front joint neatly restored. A very good copy.</p> John Murray hardcover
1871013873London: Published by the author printed by Spottiswoode & Co 1871. 1st Edition. Hardcover. Very Good. Nobleman author's vanity binding of his ant-Darwin treatise with complimentary ALS from Darwin's publisher John Murray PM Gladstone Napoleon III Times publisher John Walter and 37 others bound-in. 8vo custom contemporary binding likely commissioned by the Baron himself in polished grey full leather gilt ruled covers front hinge recently repaired 137 pages of text followed by 41 ALS bound-in and in the rear 6 pages one-sided of a pasted-in newspaper review of the book from an unidentified publication. The review observes that Sir Walsh "found it necessary in drawing a parallel between astronomy and geology to allude to Darwin and Buckle Lord Ornathwaite makes their theories the subject of severe criticism." The ALS's bound-in are from peers and public figures variously complimenting Sir Walsh on his work many agreeing with the intellectual aspersions that Sir Walsh heaps on Darwin. Gladstone admits to not being particularly familiar with Darwin's work but posits nevertheless that evolutionary theory tears away at the "fabric of belief". But it is John Murray Darwin's own publisher who is shameless in criticizing the most famous author he will have published: "Although I happen to publish the works both of Buckle & Darwin I do not hesitate to myself a sceptic in the theories of both & I hope one day to see these fallacies exploded & should not be sorry to aid in this result." Most of the letters are on baronial estate or residential letterhead and bound-in chronologically from the end of 1871 through July 1872. Published by the author, printed by Spottiswoode & Co hardcover
188157971Tokyo Nishimura Tomijiro Fukuda Eizo Meiji 21 1881. 8vo. In the original cloth binding with printed front board depicting a monkey reading a newspaper. Light wear and soiling to extremities and end papers soiled otherwise in fine condition. 285 pp. 3 plates. <br/><br/><em>The rare first Japanese translation of W. P. Lyon's anti-evolutionary text ' Homo versus Darwin'. It constitutes the very first publication in Japanese to reject Darwin's theory. A year after the publication the book was banned for 'corrupting public morals'.The present work is Lyon's reply to the publication of Darwin's The Descent of Man. Here he sees Darwin being charged by Homo of denying him from being a creature made by a God and declaring man to be merely some kind of animal. The author is recorded as being 'Eisa Gurei' Asa Gray but in 1986 a study confirmed the text to be a translation of Lyon's work.'Saru no Saiban' is an important work in the history of the reception of Darwinism in Japan. Darwin's theories had a profound influence on Japan and Japanese culture but in a slightly different way than in the West: Darwinism was marked as social and political principles primarily embraced by social thinkers philosophers and politicians to advocate the superiority of Japanese culture and society and military and not by biologists and zoologists. "It was as if Darwin's famous oceanic journey and the meticulous research into the animal and plant kingdoms that he spent his life undertaking had all been staged as an elaborate excuse for composing a theory whose true object was Victorian society and the fate of the world's modern nations." Golley Darwinism in Japan: The Birth of Ecology. </em> hardcover
186460791S.-Peterburg 1864. 8vo. Bound in a beautiful half calf recent pastiche-binding with marbled papers over boards and elegant gilding to spine. End-papers renewed. Stamp to half-title title-page and first leaf of text. First leaves evenly browned and dampstain to outer margin affecting last 50 ff. A few occassional brownspots throughout. XIV 399 1 pp. 1 plate with genealogical tree between pp. 92/93. <br/><br/><em>First edition of the first Russian translation of Darwin's "Origin of Species" a main reason for the widespread effect of Darwinism in Russia where the theory met less resistance in the 1860'ies than it did in Western Europe. In Russia Darwinism had a profound influence not only upon the different sciences but also on philosophy economic and political thought and the great literature of the period. For instance both Tolstoy and Dostoevsky referenced Darwin in their most important works as did numerous other thinkers of the period."In 1864 S.A. Rachinsky professor of plant physiology at St. Petersburg University produced the first Russian translation of the "Origin". Although not a masterpiece of translation art the book sold out so quickly that in 1865 it went through a second printing. By this time Darwin's ideas were discussed not only by scientists but also by such popular writers as Dmitri Pisarev and M. A. Antinovich." Glick p. 232. Rachinsky began translating the "Origin" in 1862 and wrote an important article on the theories presented in it while working on the translation. This article and the translation of the "Origin" into Russian were responsible for the great success and rapid widespread knowledge of Darwinian theory of evolution in Russia. "Darwin was concerned that the "Origin of Species" reach naturalists across the world but translations of that complicated work raised problems for Darwin. If he found it difficult to make the reader "understand what is meant" in England and America at least in those two countries he and the reader were discussing the "Origin of Species" in the same language. Foreign language editions raised not only the thorny question of translating Darwinian terms but also the problem of translators who often thought it proper to annotate their editions to explain the "significance" of Darwinism. The first Russian translation of the "Origin of Species" 1864 appeared however without any comment whatever by the translator Sergei A. Rachinsky professor of botany at the University of Moscow. Rachinsky had begun the translation in 1862 and published an article on Darwinism while continuing work on the translation in 1863." Rogers p. 485. In the year of publication of the translation 1864 Pisarev wrote a long article in "The Russian Word" which purports to be a review of this translation; the critic complains about the absence of notes and commentaries by the translator. Pisarev furthermore points to several errors in the translation and to numerous infelicities of expression. Acknowledging the importance of the work however and of the spreading of Darwinism in Russia he goes on in his own essay to provide a much more popular account of Darwin's theory and to impress upon his readers its revolutionary significance.Nikolai Strakhov also reviewed the translation immediately upon publication acknowledging the effect it would have. Strakhov however recognized potential dangers inherent in the theory and expressed them in his review of Rachinsky's translation. He praised the work for its thoroughness and rejoiced in the evidence that man constituted the highest stage of organic development; but then he went on to argue that by moving into questions of philosophy and theology the Darwinists were exceeding the limits of scientific evidence. Like Pisarev Tolstoy enthusiastically embraced Darwinism. "The first mention of Darwin in Tolstoy's literary "Nachlass" is found in one of the drafts to "War and Peace". There Darwin is listed apparently quite favorably among leading thinkers "working toward new truth" . Thus by the late 1860's the name of Darwin as a leading scientist was already familiar to Tolstoy and duly respected." McLean p. 160. A fact which is often overlooked is that Tolstoy actually knew Rachinsky quite well. Interestingly it was in a letter to Rachinsky in reply to a question about the structure of "Anna Karenina" that Tolstoy made the famous statement that all Tolstoy scholars and lovers know by heart: "I am proud of the architecture - the arches are joined in such a way that you cannot discover where the keystone is". Like Strakhov however Dostoevsky acknowledging the significance of the "Origin" saw the dangers of the theory. In the same year as the publication of Rachinsky's translation he lets the narrator in "Notes from Underground" 1864 launch his attack on Darwinism beginning: "As soon as they prove you for instance that you are descended from a monkey then it's no use scowling you just have to accept it."In "Crime and Punishment" two years later 1866 the Darwinian overtones inherent in Raskolnikov's theory of the extraordinary man are unmistakable. He describes the mechanism of "natural selection" where according to the laws of nature by the crossing of races and types a "genius" would eventually emerge. In general Darwinian themes and Darwin's name occur in many contexts in a large number of Dostoevsky's works.Freeman 748. See: James Allen Rogers: The Reception of Darwin's Origin of Species by Russian Scientists. In: Isis Vol. 64 No. 4 Dec. 1973 pp. 484-503.Thomas F. Glick: The Comparative Reception of Darwinism. 1974.Hugh McLean: In Quest of Tolstoy. 2008. </em> hardcover
