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Churchill, Winston S., British statesman (1874-1965).MareMagnum

Typed letter signed. 10 Downing Street, 27 Nov. 1951.

Coubertin, Pierre de, educator and founder of the modern Olympic Games (1863-1937).MareMagnum

Autograph letter signed ("Pierre de Coubertin"). Villa Monrepos, Lausanne, 21. VIII. 1934.

4to 2 pp. In French, to André Reichel, nephew of Coubertin's beloved friend, the pioneer sports journalist Frantz Reichel. Himself a boxing, running and rugby champion, Frantz Reichel was very involved in the creation of sports associations such as the "Union of Athletics French Societies" mentioned in this letter, foreshadowing the French Olympic Committee. - "My dear Mr Reichel, It seems you are asking my opinion, for your personal use, I am giving it to you with great pleasure, under the auspices of our dear Frantz, your uncle, whose keepsakes, letters and articles are always with me. But I do not see any reason why I should speak my mind publicly in the newspapers. French athletes have pushed me away so far (much more because of their nonsense than because of their ungratefulness and wickedness) that I do not know anything about them now, and I don't care about their opinion. Unfortunately, in this field, just like in many others, France only follows and gives, with many speeches, the illusion of commanding. Other countries are the real commanders. Fortunately, I am confident that the French energies will wake up soon and that King Louis-Philippe II who is currently in power will be overthrown by a new 1848 revolution. I do not know if it is still possible to use the solutions you are suggesting. I'm afraid not. As I have already written, I was really wrong to accept Mr de Saint-Clair's demands and to use USFSA, mixing clubs and school associations. 44 years ago! During the War, I had the opportunity to fix this mistake. This was the conclusion of my report to the Minister, following the mission he entrusted to me. Please find attached this report which is now very difficult to find and as well the text of the Charter of Sports Reform. I am sending as well a copy of the anthology that was given to me for my 70th birthday in 1932. I can imagine you at your uncle's office in the Figaro newspaper's building. This book will be near the table on which he was writing, where he died, and where we have so many times discussed about his setbacks and hopes [...]".

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Destouches, Philippe Néricault, auteur dramatique (1680-1754).MareMagnum

Lettre autographe signée. Fortoiseau, 15. VIII. 1740.

8 pages in-4. [À Évrard Titon du Tillet]. Très belle lettre mêlée de vers à l'auteur du "Parnasse françois". Il a presque terminé sa lecture de la "Description du Parnasse" et des "Essais sur les honneurs": "il n'est point d'effort que vous ne fassiez pour immortaliser les grands hommes qui font honneur à la France. Ce qui me touche le plus sensiblement dans vos travaux, c'est votre bon cœur, votre goût exquis, et votre amour pour notre patrie. […] Vous étiez né pour être Romain [...]". Il loue son œuvre et ses nobles idées. "Non seulement j'aime tout ce qui peut contribuer a la gloire de notre Nation, mais je n'ai oublié aucuns efforts dans les pays étrangers ou j'ai vécu si longtems, pour la défendre contre les atteintes des prejugez, de l'injustice et de l'envie, en cela bien différent de notre Voltaire si estimable d'ailleurs, qui ose faire un point d'honneur d'exalter nos voisins à nos depens [...]". - Et de citer une épigramme inspirée par l'indignation: "Un grand auteur ose avancer | Que le François enseigne à plaire, | Et que l'Anglois montre à penser. | Au second point je suis contraire, | On ne sauroit me le prouver. | Or voici que je hazarde; | L'anglois peut m'apprendre à rêver, | Mais à penser? Que Dieu m'en garde [...]". Destouches aime de plus en plus la solitude, parce qu'elle l'éloigne du fracas d'un monde dont il a senti tous les défauts et tous les ridicules; il félicite l'auteur du Parnasse de son dessein de se confiner dans une aimable retraite: "vous y trouverez mille agréments inconnus à ceux qui ont toujours voltigé dans le tourbillon […] vous y eprouverez qu'on n'est veritablement heureux, qu'autant que les autres ne font point notre bonheur, et vous concurrez enfin que ce n'est point ici bas qu'il faut le chercher [...]". Il cite un quatrain à cet effet, puis reprend : "Vous déplorerez l'aveuglement de ces hommes présomptueux qui pensent que leur merite leur tient lieu de tout, et que le bonheur consiste à faire beaucoup parler de soy; et vous vous écrîrez avec Sénèque le Tragique; | Malheur à l'homme prévenu | Qui sur son mérite se fonde, | Et qui, connu de tout le monde, | Meurt sans jamais s'etre connu. | Vous parviendrez facilement à penser de la sorte [...] Mais du moins différez votre retraitte jusqu'au printems. Se retirer à la campagne pendant l'hyver, c'est commencer par où l'on doit finir [...] Attendez que la belle saison vous invite à quitter Paris". Destouches ira le rejoindre. Il y a des auteurs "qui se piquent d'être tout esprit dans leurs productions; et vous, Monsieur, vous êtes tout cœur dans vos ouvrages [...]". Il prie d'excuser son griffonnage: "je suis comme Made de Sévigné, j'écris tout d'un trait, et je deviendrois froid et languissant, par conséquent très ennuyeux, si je mettois au niveau chaque mot [...]".

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Heidegger, Martin.MareMagnum

Logos. Sonderdruck aus Festschrift für Hans Jantzen. Berlin, Gebr. Mann, 1951.

8vo (17 x 25 cm). (12) pp., numbered 7-18. With the author's autograph inscription, date and signature. Singular material evidence of Sartre's visit to Freiburg in 1952 and the personal relationship between two of the leading figures in continental philosophy from the mid-twentieth century. - Heidegger's influence on Sartre's thought was gratefully acknowledged by the French philosopher from early on in his career as an author. The very title of Sartre's essay in phenomenological ontology, "L'être et le néant" ("Being and Nothingness", 1943) referenced Heidegger's own "Sein und Zeit" ("Being and Time"), which had been published a decade earlier, in 1934. Despite the two thinkers' initial mutual admiration and the apparent overlaps in their thought, their differences became progressively clear throughout the 1940s. Heidegger reacted strongly to Sartre's "L'existentialisme est un humanisme" ("Existentialism is a Humanism", 1946) in a letter to his friend Jean Beaufret. This letter was published the following year in redacted form as "Über den Humanismus" ("On Humanism"), often referred to as the 'Humanismusbrief'. Undeterred by this and increasing criticism of his 'imprecise' engagement with Heidegger's ideas among contemporary commentators, Sartre arranged to meet with his German colleague in December 1952 (cf. Janicaud I, 133f.; Thomä 430). Having been invited to give a lecture (where he found his reception by the students somewhat "cold", (De Beauvoir 311), Sartre had a short meeting with Heidegger at which, "il me regardait avec une infinie pitié. À la fin, je parlais à son chapeau" ("he looked at me with infinte pity. In the end, I was talking to his hat", Cau 253). - Whilst the experience seems thus to have been disappointing from Sartre's point of view, Heidegger nonetheless took the trouble to send him the present offprint "zur Erinnerung an den Freiburger Besuch" ("in memory of the visit to Freiburg") on 12 February 1953. Heidegger's essay on the central concept of 'Logos' opens with reflections on Heraclitus' Fragment B50 and appeared as a chapter in the Festschrift published for the 70th birthday of the art historian Hans Jantzen. - Light browning throughout. Cf. J. Cau, Croquis de mémoire (Paris, 1985). S. de Beauvoir, La force des choses (Paris, 1963). C. Janicaud, Heidegger en France, 2 vols. (Paris, 2001). D. Thomä, Heidegger-Handbuch. Leben - Werk - Wirkung (Stuttgart, 2013).

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Hugo, Victor, French writer (1802-1885).MareMagnum

Autograph letter signed ("V."). H[auteville] H[ouse, Guernsey], 9 Feb. [1860].

8vo. 3 pp. In French, to Noel Parfait in Paris: "Your kind letter moves me. You are sad and happy at the same time, and it is quite normal. Homeland is sweet but exile is grand. One goes back home but one has to give up one's freedom. I understand the double shock your soul is experiencing. But it does not matter, dear Parfait. You are going to be happy, I have no doubt about that. You are taking into the darkness that prevails in France nowadays the serenity of a proud conscience and the satisfaction of having overcome the ordeal. You will feel respectable among all the despicable people. That is an austere kind of joy but it is indeed a joy. Thank you for all the details you gave me. I congratulate and envy Dumas, who was able to help you and ensure that you will have enough to live on in Paris. That, plus all the intelligence, style, grace, talent and virtue that you have! I assure you that you are going to do very well. I am sorry for H.M. the world's biggest scoundrel [H.M. stands for His Majesty, most likely Louis-Napoleon], but there is going to be one successful honest man in Paris. I already know seven or eight of them, maybe nine, and that will make ten with you. Our friend must be in Brussels at the moment. Tell him that I am going to answer his letter and ask him to send me, in the meantime, the issue of l'lndependance (by mail, since it costs two sous there and six francs here) in which my note on George Sand was printed. Also, I would like to have his address in Brussels […]". In a postscript, Hugo as added, "Would you be so kind as to have the first of the two letters I am enclosing handed over to Bance, whose address I do not know, and mail the second one in Brussels? Sorry and many thanks". - In February 1860, Hugo was still living in exile on Guernsey, still writing about the darkness that prevails in France and the world's greatest scoundrel. It was an exile that had begun in December 1851 when a coup d'etat took place in France, which eventually resulted in the Second Empire under Napoleon III, and it did not end until the return of liberty and the reconstitution of the republic on 4 September 1870. However, his exile had recently become a voluntary gesture and an act of pride, a time to stand against Louis Napoleon. On 15 August 1859 (the birth of Napoleon I), Napoleon III offered an amnesty to exiles, which was accepted by some, but not Hugo. In a poem, "Ultima verba", he marked his decision, stating "No one will suppose that I personally can take any notice of the thing called an amnesty. In the present condition of France, protest - absolute, inflexible, eternal protest - that is my duty. True to the engagements I have made with my conscience, I shall share the exile of freedom to the end. When freedom returns, I shall return". The truth of the matter was that Hugo could not return during the reign of Napoleon III without inflicting a deep wound on his pride, and he could not resign himself to that. He was also well aware of the status and commercial value of banishment, even though the banishment was now self-imposed. The personal defiance of Napoleon III, the deliberate choice of martyrdom, gave Hugo a new heroic dimension. - With integral address leaf.

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Ionesco, Eugène, Romanian-French playwright (1912-1994).MareMagnum

"Qu'est-ce que l'avant garde en 1958". Autograph manuscript signed. N. p., [1958].

4to. 5½ pp. In French. Important text about artistic creation and the avant-garde, published in "Les Lettres françaises" of 17 April 1958 as part of the survey: "What is the avant-garde in 1958?". In Ionesco's view, art must strive to express realities that are "new and ancient, present and inopportune, living and permanent, particular, and, at the same time, universal". A label like "the avant-garde" is a mere afterthought to this goal: "To want to be part of the avant-garde before writing, not to want to be part of it, to refuse or choose an avant-garde is, for a creator, to construe things the wrong way round". For Ionesco the avant-garde is "only the current, historical expression of an inactual actuality (if I may say so), of a trans-historical reality". Therefore he is very sceptical of political art, as the work of art "is nothing if it does not transcend the temporary truths or obsessions of history". Several artists, historical and biblical figures are mentioned as examples of the "profound universalism" Ionesco is arguing for, including Buddha, Shakespeare, the Spanish mystic Juan de la Cruz, Proust, Chekhov, Brecht, and Picasso. In his own work, Ionesco tries "to say how the world appears to me, what it seems to be for me, as sincerely as possible without concern for propaganda, without intention of directing the consciences of contempraries. I try to be an objective witness in my subjectivity". The essence of his theatre is the contradictory, the absurd: "Since I write for the theatre, I am only concerned with personifying, embodying a comic and tragic sense of reality at the same time." Ionesco describes a childhood memory of a senseless act of violence which first invoked the feelings of vertigo, anguish, and transience that he tries to convey in his art: "I have no other images of the world apart from those, expressing the ephemerality and the harshness, the vanity and the anger, the nullity or hideous, useless hatred. This is how existence continued to appear to me". In closing, he aims to reconcile avant-garde and "living tradition", past and present: "One has the impression, also, that the more one is of one's time, the more one is of all times (if one breaks the crust of superficial topicality) [...] The youngest, newest works of art are recognizable and speak to all eras. Yes, King Solomon is my leader; and Job, this contemporary of Beckett". - With a stricken-out title "Avant-garde et tradition", corrections, and typograph marks. The first three pages with a tear minimally affecting the text. Some black fingerstains and stains, minor tears, and browning. Published in: Les Lettres françaises, no. 717, April 1958. Cf. M. Esslin, The theatre of the absurd (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode 1964)

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Levens, Charles, French composer (1689-1764).MareMagnum

2 autograph letters signed ("Levens"). Bordeaux, 23. V. and 10. X. 1746.

4to. Altogether (2½+2 =) 4½ pages. Each on bifolium with integral address panel. Armorial seal. 1) Levens writes to Monsieur Le Comte de Rochefort, concerning his motets and the questionability of their success as music without symphony by means of subscription, as Levens already has some experience in working with cathedral chapters, that would usually subscribe. Nevertheless he agrees on trying: "Vous croyés Monsieur la voyer des souscription praticable pour la musique sans symphonie, je doute du succés connoissant comme je fais les chapitres de la plupart des cathedrales qui sont ceux qui par preference devroient souscrire: mais enfin on peut tenter". Levens mentions the offer of a Parisian engraver, his idea of using smaller paper and the addition of 14 staves for further possible voices, such as two bass parts and small choirs in the choirs: "J'avois trouvé à Paris un graveur qui m'avoit promis de graver ma musique en symphonie [...]. Je ne say à quel prix on pourroit le faire en petit papier [...]. J'y ay mis 14 portées parce qu'il se trouve quelque fois deux Basses differentes ou des petits choeurs dans les choeurs". Levens ends his letter by recommending his 26-year-old son for the position of a "maitre de Musique" in Avignon, mentions his son's skills in composing and playing the violoncello, and that the chapter of Toulouse hasn't accepted him due to his young age: "Sa musique est de fort bon goût [...] il a d'ailleurs fort bien étudié et joué du violoncello comme il faut, tant pour l'accompagnement que pour des pieces. [...] Les Messieurs du Chapitre de Toulouse le trouvent trop jeune [...]". He gives a list of pieces of music: 12 masses, 24 Magnificat, 6 Dixit, 6 Beatus, etc. (Letter from 23. V. 1746). - 2) Levens gives a list of pieces of music without symphony. It is a list of 32 titles of religious music, followed by their numbers. Levens hopes that the count's efforts regarding his music are not in vain and states his concerns in cooperating with the chapters. Levens ends with mentioning his son's employment as "maitre de musique" at Saint-Étienne in Tolouse since August: "Les tems sont très mauvais et les chapitres, avec qui, il faudroit pour ainsi dire, avoir affaire, sont très difficiles [...]" (Letter from 10. X. 1746). - Both letters with traces of old folding, verso with traces of old montage and a small tear on fol. 2 due to breaking seal.

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Liszt, Franz, Austro-Hungarian composer (1811-1886).MareMagnum

Autograph letter signed ("F. Liszt"). No place, 21. X. 1851.

8vo. 3¾ pages on bifolium. In French. According to an early collector's note, the present letter was written to his friend Ernst Weyden, a scholar and member of the Faculty at the University of Cologne. Liszt discusses his planned marriage to Carolyne Sayn-Wittgenstein, Richard Wagner, and a planned collaboration with Weyden: "Je suis très sensible à vos bons souhaits pour mon quarantième anniversaire, lesquels se résument pour moi tous dans un seul : c'est que la femme qui s'est absolument dévouée à moi qu'elle est devenue à la fois et la racine et la fleur de ma vie, me soit conservé. Grâces au Ciel j'ai tout lieu d'espérer que ce voeu suprême de mon coeur sera exaucé, - et d'après les nouvelles que j'ai trouvé ici il est très probable que dans peu de mois mon mariage aura lieu [...]" ("I am very sensitive to your good wishes for my 40th birthday, which can be summarized for me in one thing: that the woman who has been absolutely devoted to me and who has become both the root and the flower of my life, be kept for me. Thanks be to Heaven that I have every reason to hope that this supreme wish of my heart will be granted - and from the news I have found here it is very likely that in a few months my marriage will take place [...]" (transl.). - Liszt is grateful to Weyden for having reported on his brochure on Lohengrin and Tannhäuser in the Kölnische Zeitung. "It is to be presumed that my brochure will contribute to spreading the understanding of Wagner's works, which, in order to be greatly admired, only need to be understood from a higher point of view than one is accustomed to judge ordinary operas. You have thus done art a service, as well as me, by contributing your share to the propagation of these two eminent works of which Germany will be able one day to be proud [...]". Liszt treasures his memories of their architectural trip and hopes that they will one day resume their peregrinations: "In the meantime, please do not forget our collaboration project in honour of the Duomo; I hope that you will be able to send me the stanzas I have requested before the end of the year [...]. - On blue paper. Slightly wrinkled, otherwise in good condition.

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Mann, Thomas, Schriftsteller und Nobelpreisträger (1875-1955).MareMagnum

2 eigenh. Briefe mit U. München und Pacific Palisades, 1902 und 1947.

Zusammen (4+¾ =) 4¾ SS. auf 3 Bll. (Kl.-)8vo. Beide Briefe an den Schriftsteller Walter Opitz, der ihm seine Gedichte zugesandt hatte: "Lieber Herr Opitz! Nach und nach habe ich nun alle litterarischen Herrlichkeiten, mit denen Sie mich bedachten (nicht wahr, auf die beiden Zukünfte, die ich noch vorgestern in meinem Briefkasten fand, verdanke ich Ihnen?) verständnisinnig ausgekostet: vor allem Ihre Verse, aus denen ein so vornehmes und sympathisches Talent zu mir sprach. Lassen Sie mich Ihnen für den reinen Genuß, den mir die Lektüre gewährte, von Herzen Dank sagen. Ich untersage es mir, diesem Dank einen übertriebenen und falschen Nachdruck zu geben, indem ich die großen Wörter des Lobes und der Begeisterung hervorsuchte, mit denen man sich bei solchen Gelegenheiten erkenntlich zu zeigen pflegt. Sie selbst würden mich auslachen, wenn ich behauptete, daß diese Gedichte irgend etwas verblüffend Neuartiges und Kühnes nach Form oder Inhalt an sich hätten. Ich verhehle sogar weder mir noch Ihnen, daß vielen davon (und nicht zuletzt diejenigen, die von der Romanzeitung veröffentlicht worden sind) etwas wesenlos Epigonenhaftes eigen ist, - wobei übrigens immer noch die Glätte und Anmuth der Form zu bewundern übrig bleibt. Dieser sicheren Grazie gegenüber ist es desto verwunderlicher, daß bei den humoristischen Sachen hie und da kleine böse Geschmacksentgleisungen mitunterlaufen, eine gelegentliche Plattheit, eine allzu triviale Scherzhaftigkeit, - obgleich es eigentlich dumm ist, an so liebenswürdigen Keckheiten kritisch herum zu nörgeln [...]" (16. XII. 1902). - Der Brief aus Kalifornien vom 3. IV. 1947 bespricht eine Retoursendung seiner "Lotte in Weimar", die ihm zurückgesandt worden war "mit dem Bedeuten, dass in die russische Besetzungszone keine Bücher geschickt werden dürfen. Da kannst nix machen, wie wir Altbayern sagen zu sagen pflegten […]". - Walter Opitz (1879-1963) gehörte um die Jahrhundertwende zum selben Kreis wie Thomas Mann, Armin Martens und die Brüder Carl und Paul Ehrenberg. - Beide Briefe im linken Rand gelocht (geringe Buchstabenberührung); der Brief von 1947 etwas angeschmutzt und mit kleinen Randeinrissen.

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Medici, Cosimo I. de’, Duke of Tuscany (1519-1574).MareMagnum

Letter signed ("Il Duca di Fiorenza"). Florence, 27 Jan. 1552.

Folio (209 x 285 mm). 1 p. on bifolium with integral address leaf. Traces of original folds; remains of red seal. Includes: Printed letter patent issued by Pius V, raising Cosimo to Grand Duke of Tuscany (Rome, heirs of Antonio Blado, 1569; Edit 16, CNCE 75256: 3 pp. on bifolium, folio, with armorial title woodcut, woodcut initial and tailpiece). To Gregorio Stendardi (known as Capitano Goro da Montebenichi) in Montepulciano, a condottiere of the first half of the century who had fought under Cosimo's father Lodovico de Medici (Giovanni dalle Bande Nere) and had entered the services of the Medici family. Cosimo recommends governors Don Garzia and Ascanio, promising to assist Goro and pay any expenditures but requesting that he keep the matter confidential. Also, Cosimo instructs Goro to take weapons to Siena county and store them in a castle for future return: "Strenuo Cap[ita]no nostro car[issi]mo, li avisi de la vostra de xxv ci sono stati molto accetti per esser molto particolari et verisimili, et come per la precedente vi habiamo scritto, ci sarà grato che questa diligentia s'usi ancora, col G[overnator]r Don Garzia, o col G[overnator]r Ascanio, acciò non s'habbia a perder questo tempo, di rimandare li avisi da quà a là. Di quello amico che contiene il poss[...]ta (?) ci è piaciuto di intendere la buona dispositione, et ci sarà gratis[ssimo] che non manchiate di trattenerlo, per quei buoni effetti, che preponete, à quali lo andrete persuadendo, et animando, et noi, vi manderemo il modo, non solo da poter intrattener lui, ma da fare le altre spese che vi conviene necessariam[en]te fare vedendo quanto sono utili, et quando dal amico haverete qualcosa in mano da poter reuscire, così (?) darete aviso. Avertendo di praticar le cose, cautamente, et con la secretezza che conviene. Et Dio vi conservi. […] Sarete col Cap[itan]o dela terra et darete ordine di levar le arme à quelli del Dominio senese che si rifuggeno costì et mettetele in forteza (?) faccendone nota per restituirle al suo tempo". - Some brownstaining; traces of old folds; occasional ink corrosion. Rare.

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